Human Cultural Variations and Other Related Cultural Concepts.docx Flashcards
What are universal patterns of culture?
Broad areas of social living found in all societies, referring to features and elements common to all cultures rather than specific cultural traits.
Who identified the eleven broad areas of social life that constitute universal patterns of culture?
Wissler (1923)
List the eleven broad areas of social life according to Wissler.
- Material traits
- Speech or language
- Religious practice
- Family
- Mythology
- Government
- War
- Art
- Property
- Social systems
- Scientific knowledge
What is courtship in the context of universal patterns of culture?
The culturally accepted process where individuals seek a partner for marriage or long-term relationships.
How is music defined in universal patterns of culture?
A universal form of cultural expression that conveys emotions, stories, and traditions.
What are religious differentiations?
Unique beliefs, rituals, and practices that distinguish one religion from another, shaping perceptions of the world, moral behavior, and the afterlife.
What does etiquette refer to?
The rules and customs that govern acceptable behavior in social interactions.
What is faith healing?
The belief that illnesses or ailments can be cured through spiritual means rather than through conventional medical treatments.
What is folklore?
Traditional stories, legends, myths, and oral histories passed down through generations within a culture.
What does food encompass in cultural terms?
The culinary traditions and practices unique to different cultures.
What are games in the context of culture?
Structured forms of play or competitive activities found in all cultures.
What is the role of government in culture?
The system through which a society organizes itself to make and enforce laws, provide public services, and manage public resources.
Who listed about eighty-eight universal patterns of culture?
Murdock (1945)
What factors account for the development of culture?
- Human biological needs and drives.
- Man’s highly developed nervous system.
- Man’s highly developed vocal apparatus.
- Man’s upright posture.
- Physical and social environment.
What are human biological needs?
Bodily lacks or deprivations necessary for survival, including food, water, air, and sunlight.
