Human circulatory system

Question 1

State the name of the liquid that transports substances and heat around the body

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

State the components of blood.

Answer 2

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

Question 3

Describe the nature and function of blood plasma.

Answer 3

a yellow liquid that transports carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones, and heat energy around the body.

Question 4

State the function of a red blood cell.

Answer 4

Transport oxygen to cells in the body.

Question 5

Describe the nature of Haemoglobin

Answer 5

Protein found in red blood cells that oxygen binds to

Question 6

Describe the nature and function of blood platelets

Answer 6

Cell fragments that form clots to stop bleeding.

Question 7

Explain how the structure of a red blood cell is adapted to carry out its functions.

Answer 7

“Biconcave shape to increase its surface area to volume ratio that allows faster diffusion
Haemoglobin to bind oxygen
No nucleus so more space for oxygen to bind
Small and flexible to move through narrow blood vessels & capillaries”

Question 8

State the function of platelets.

Answer 8

Blood clotting

Question 9

Describe what is meant by a double circulatory system

Answer 9

One part carries blood between the heart and lungs; the other carries blood between the heart and other organs

Question 10

Which organ system transports substances to and from body cells?

Answer 10

Circulatory system

Question 11

State the three main blood vessels

Answer 11

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 12

State the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.

Answer 12

Artery

Question 13

State the blood vessel that carries blood from the organs back to the heart.

Answer 13

Vein

Question 14

State the blood vessel that is found within organs that link arteries and veins.

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

Describe the structure of arteries

Answer 15

Thick, muscular elastic wall, narrow lumen

Question 16

Describe the structure of veins

Answer 16

Thin wall, wide lumen, valves

Question 17

Describe the structure of capillaries

Answer 17

Very small, the wall is one cell thick

Question 18

Explain the structure of arteries (i.e. relate structure to function)

Answer 18

Thick, muscular wall to withstand high-pressure blood pumped away from the heart. Elasticity allows recoil after the pulse has passed and to maintain blood pressure.

Question 19

Explain the structure of veins (i.e. relate structure to function)

Answer 19

Valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 20

Explain the structure of capillaries (i.e. relate structure to function)

Answer 20

Very thin wall to provide a short diffusion distance and a steep concentration gradient.