Human: Changing Urban Environment Flashcards
Define urbanisation.
A process where an increasing proportion of the population move to towns and cities.
What are the two main causes of urbanisation?
- Rural to urban migration
2. Natural increase
Explain the term of rural to urban migration and the push-pull factors.
Rural to urban migration is when people from villages/ the countryside move to towns and cities. This could be due to several reasons such as better living standards and job opportunities in towns. Other reasons may be because of reduction of crop yields due to droughts.
How does natural increase lead to urbanisation?
Most people who migrate to urban areas are usually young resulting in a high natural increase. The high numbers of young people leads to high levels of births.
In what year did over half the worlds population live in cities/towns?
2008.
In 1995 there were 732 million urban dwellers (29% of worlds population). How many will there be by 2015?
There will be 3.8billion people living in cities/towns by 2015, making up 53% of the world population.
Why did rural to urban migration occur in the 19th century?
Mechanisation of farming.
What are the urban issues of urbanisation?
- Segregation
- Housing
- Overcrowding
- Congestion
- Air/noise pollution
What are the social factors behind urbanisation?
- Better education in cities
- Better infrastructure
- More shopping
- Better healthcare
- Isolation
What are the environmental factors for urbanisation?
- Droughts lead to water shortages (push)
- Better communications (pull)
- More sites available for development
What are the economic reasons behind urbanisation?
- Better wages
- More job opportunities
- Mechanisation of farming
- Cheaper transport
Why do inner city areas decline?
- Poverty
- Poor jobs
- Poor education
- Pollution
- Poor housing
- Crime
Summarise an inner city area that has been improved.
An inner city area that I have studied in Hulme, Manchester. This was improved in the 1990s and it’s rejuvenation was part of the regeneration strategy. The rejuvenation took place in many forms. For example it was decided to…
Inner City Decline:
Olympic Park, Stratford, London
- ODA spent £1.3 billion regenerating deprived area of Surrounding the Olympic park. Much of building land was reclaimed.
- Developed area is now called The International Quarter.
- Stratford Station (received £100 billion investments) and fast efficient railway.
- 15,000 new jobs
- 350 homes
- Parks, play areas and open spaces
- Sustainable community
Define sustainable community.
Where the environment, economy and community are all developed to improve the whole area.