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Geography > Human - Changing Places > Flashcards

Human - Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

Location

A

Where a place is, e.g. coordinates on a map.

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2
Q

Locale

A

Place when viewed in relation to a particular event or characteristic, e.g. Harrogate natural spring water and spas.

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3
Q

Sense of place

A

Subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place. This may be completely different when looked at from another’s perspective. Subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place . Developed through experience and knowledge of an area.

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4
Q

Definition of place

A

More than its physical location, place is a space given meaning by people.

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5
Q

What are the 3 theoretical approaches to place?

A

Descriptive approach
Social constructionist approach
Phenomenological approach

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6
Q

What is the descriptive approach?

A

Idea that the world is a set of places and each place can be studied and is distinct.

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7
Q

What is the social constructionist approach?

A

Sees place as product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time. E.g. Trafalgar Square built to commemorate British naval victory in 1880s understood as place of empire and colonialism.

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8
Q

What is the phenomenological approach?

A

Interested in how an individual person experiences place e.g. through human perception and own experiences in a place.

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9
Q

Topophilia

A

Developed by Yi-fu Tuan to describe affective bond between people and place -argued that it is through human perception and experience that we know places. Making the bond stronger.

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10
Q

What is Relphs argument?

A

The degree of attachment, involvement and concern that person or group has for a particular place is critical in understanding of place.

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11
Q

What is localism?

A

Affection for or emotional ownership of a particular place.

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12
Q

What is Regionalism?

A

Consciousness of, and loyalty to, a distinct region with a population that shares similarities.

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13
Q

What is Nationalism?

A

Loyalty and devotion to a nation, which creates sense of national consciousness.

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14
Q

What is glocalization?

A

Conducting business according to both local and global considerations e.g. McDonald’s removed pork from menu in Muslim countries.

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15
Q

What is Localisation of place?

A

Place has become a political symbol for people fighting against global capitalism. One response has been a greater focus on ‘local’ place and the promotion of local goods and services.

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16
Q

Belonging

A

To be part of the community, key factor in making a place sustainable and successful.

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17
Q

Factors that affect extent to which a person feels they belong:

A 
Age 
Gender
Sexuality
Socio-economic status 
Religion 
Level of education
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18
Q

Well-being

A

Individuals have different views about what makes a place great.

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19
Q

What is positionality?

A

Different people will perceive places in different ways. Refers to factors like: gender, race,ethnicity, age, religion, politics, socio-economic status.

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20
Q

What is a near and far place?

A

Could refer to geographical distance.

Could describe emotional connection with a place and how comfortable person feels within a place

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21
Q

What is an Experienced place?

A

Place that a person has spent time in, therefore see it differently.

22
Q

What is a media place?

A

Place that person has only read about or seen on the TV, even though the reality may be far different.

23
Q

What are endogenous factors?

A

Refers to local demographic characteristics and the physical geography of a place. They have originated internally these help to shape its unique character. They include: topography, physical valley, economic characteristics, land use, location, built environment, demographic characteristics, infrastructure.

24
Q

What are exogenous factors?

A

Influences on a place that are not local. The relationship of one place with other places and the external factors which affect this. These are shown by movement if flow of things across space: people, resources, money, investment, ideas.

25
Q

Socially constructed

A

Social processes produce and reproduce social and economic relations between different groups of people in society, in different locations. One aspect of this is place making.

26
Q

What is Place making?

A

A multi-faceted approach to planning, design and management of public spaces. Place-making capitalises on a local community’s assets, inspiration and potential with intention of creating public spaces that promote health, happiness and well being.

27
Q

Forces of change

A

Wide range of different individuals, community groups, companies, governments, National and international institutions that influence place making processes.

28
Q

What is meaning?

A

Relates to individual or collective perceptions of place.

29
Q

What is representation?

A

Is how a place is portrayed or ‘seen’ in society.

30
Q

What is Place perception?

A

Developed through what people have heard seen or read about a place that they may not have been to.

31
Q

Firstspace representations

A

An attempt to understand a place in terms of quantitative analysis, looking at what is physically present in a place and empirically measurable e.g. demographic data.

32
Q

Secondspace representation

A

Subjective accounts of personal experience and capture sense of place in way firstspace cannot.

33
Q

Thirdspace representations

A

Considering both quantitative and qualitative data to build a rich image of what a place is like and how it is experienced/perceived.

34
Q

What is re-imaging of a place?

A

This disassociates a place from bad pre-existing images in relation to poor housing, social deprivation, crime, pollution, dereliction. Can then attract new investment, retailing, tourism, residents.

35
Q

What is rebranding?

A

Way in which a place is redeveloped and marketed to that it gains a new identity. Can then attract new investment, retailing, tourists, residents. May involve re-imaging and regeneration.

36
Q

What is regeneration ?

A

A long term process involving redevelopment and use of social, economic and environmental action to reverse urban decline and create sustainable communities.

37
Q

What is a corporate body?

A

An organisation or group of persons that is identified by a particular name. E.g. institutions, businesses, enterprises, government agencies.

38
Q

What are external forces?

A

Driving changes in many places, include, government policies, impacts of international or global institutions, decisions of multinational corporations. And can affect demographic, cultural, economic, social characteristics of a place.

39
Q

What are demographic characteristics?

A

Who lives in a place and what they are like - age, gender, education level, religion, birth rates, ethnicity, population size.

40
Q

What are cultural characteristics?

A

How people live their lives - food, customs, clothing, traditions, language, art, attitudes, beliefs, values people have.

41
Q

Quantitative data

A

Data that can be quantified and verified and is amenable to statistical manipulation.

42
Q

Qualitative data

A

Info that is non-numerical and used in relatively unstructured and open-ended way, it is descriptive info, often from interviews, focus groups or artistic depictions such as photos. Some types like interviews can be coded and may then be subject to quantitative analysis.

43
Q

Primary data

A

Collected by researcher first hand.

44
Q

Secondary data

A

From other sources which researcher uses.

45
Q

Subjective

A

Based on or influence by personal feelings, tastes or opinions.

46
Q

Objective

A

Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

47
Q

What is counter-mapping?

A

People produce own maps, informed by their own local knowledge and understanding of places. It also conveys a sense of place as well as factual info. E.g Alfred Wainwright’S hand drawn sketch of walks around the Lake District.

48
Q

What is biomapping?

A

Mapping of emotions shown by people to certain places through use of device which records wearer’s Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). This is a simple indicator of emotional response in conjunction with geographical location. A map is created which visualises points of high and low feelings.

49
Q

Interviews

A

Generate detailed insights about person’s sense of place or perception of place. They are first hand or direct reports of experiences, opinions or feelings. They can be structures or unstructured.

50
Q

What is Ethnography?

A

Research method that explores what people do as well as they say. E.g. participating in daily life of person, watching what happens, listening to what is said and becoming part of that world.

51
Q

What is big data?

A

Requires huge amounts of computational power, has huge potential, lots of social and economic data sets fall into this category.

Geography (6 decks)

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