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MODA Drug Flashcards > Human Cardiovascular and Renal > Flashcards

Human Cardiovascular and Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Amyl nitrite

A

Vasodilator

Converted to nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle

Used in acute angina attacks

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2
Q

Bisoprolol

A

ß1-specific antagonist

Decreases contractility and heart rate

Antihypertensive

Relatively hydrophilic

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3
Q

Clofibrate

A

Fibric acid derivative

Lowers VLDL and, to a lesser extent, LDL

Stimulates lipoprotein lipase, releasing triglycerides from VLDL and chylomicrons

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4
Q

Clonidine

A

Centrally-acting α2/I1-agonist

Acts on presynaptic α2 in ventrolateral medulla

Decreases blood pressure

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5
Q

Colestyramine

A

Anion exchange resin

Prevents reuptake of bile acids from the intestine

Causes an increase in cholesterol metabolism to synthesise bile acids in the liver

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6
Q

Doxazosin

A

α1 adrenoceptor antagonist

Dilates resistance and capacitance vessels

Blockade of CNS α1- receptors modulates baroreceptor reflex mechanisms

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7
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol

Binds to and blocks sterol transporter on the brush-border membrane of the intestinal epithelial cells

Circulated by enterohepatic circulation

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8
Q

Flecainide

A

Class Ic antidysrhythmic

No effect on action potential, but very slow association and dissociation

Very good at suppressing ectopic beats

Also prodysrhythmic

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9
Q

Guanfacine

A

Centrally-acting α2/I1-agonist

More potent α2 agonist than clonidine

Low efficacy as antihypertensive

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10
Q

Hexamethonium

A

Ganglion blocker

Blocks both sympathetic and parasympathetic

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11
Q

Hydralazine

A

Arteriolar vasodilator

Mechanism unknown

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12
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Nitrovasodilator

Needs to be metabolised in the liver to isosorbide mononitrate for it to work

Used to treat angina

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13
Q

Ivabradine

A

Acts on the If current (funny current in SA node)

Reduces cardiac pacemaker activity, slows the heart rate and allows more time for blood to flow to the myocardium

Few evident unwanted effects

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14
Q

α-Methyldopa

A

Converted to α-methylnoradrenaline in the vesicles of adrenergic neurones

False transmitter

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15
Q

Minoxidil

A

Potassium channel opener

Acts on ATP-sensitive K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle, resulting in hyperpolarisation and relaxation

Used in severe refractory hypertension

Causes some hirsutism

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16
Q

Moxonidine

A

Imidazoline drug

Centrally acting antihypertensive

Imidazoline I1 receptor agonist

17
Q

Nicotinic acid

A

Inhibits liver triglyceride production and VLDL secretion

Increases levels of tissue plasminogen activator

18
Q

Paclitaxel (Taxol)

A

Used in drug-eluting stents

Antiproliferative drug (chemotherapy)

Interferes with normal microtubule growth

19
Q

Pindolol

A

Non-selective beta blocker with partial beta-adrenergic receptor agonist activity

In high doses, increases pulse rate and blood pressure

20
Q

Prazosin

A

α1 adrenoceptor antagonist

21
Q

Quinidine

A

Class 1a antidysrhythmic

Local anaesthetic

Action potential duration has no effect on the drug action

Higher affinity for activated sodium channel than inactivated

Show use dependence

22
Q

Ranolazine

A

Inhibits the late phase of the sodium current in cardiac myocytes

Blocking late sodium current means Ca2+ overload and diastolic wall stress are reduced, leading to improved coronary blood flow

23
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

PPARγ agonist

Reduces atherosclerosis

24
Q

Simvastatin

A

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

Rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis

Liver has to take up more LDL from the blood so synthesises more LDL receptors

Reduces blood LDL levels

Enhances stability of atherosclerotic plaques

Inhibits thrombus formation

25
Q

Sirolimus

A

Used in drug-eluting stents

Anti-proliferative

Immunosuppressant drug

26
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

Metabolised to nitric oxide

Direct-acting vasodilator

Anti-hypertensive

27
Q

Verapamil

A

Class IV antidysrhythmic

Calcium channel antagonist so reduces calcium entry in plateau phase of cardiac action potential

Slowing of the heart it also produces will also decrease oxygen demand

28
Q

Nicorandil

A

Potassium channel opener

Acts on K-ATP channels

Can be used to stimulate ischaemic preconditioning

29
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III antidysrhythmic

Inhibits both inward and outward currents

MODA Drug Flashcards (7 decks)

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