Human Body Systems Flashcards
Describe what the human body system is
Your cells make up body tissues. Tissues make up an organ. Your organs are part of an organ system and they work in a big team = which are the 11 major human body systems.
What are the 11 major human body systems
Circulatory system
Digestive system
Endocrine system
Excretory system
Integumentary system
Lymphatic and Immune system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Reproductive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Describe the circulatory system
= Deals with blood carrier gases like O2 which your body needs and CO2 which your body expels.
This system includes the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries), and blood.
Describe the digestive system
= Breaking down and absorbing food for body to get nutrients.
Digestion starts in the mouth, then stomach, then small intestine, then large intestine, then waste passes through the anus.
This system also includes some accessory structures like liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Describe the endocrine system
= Includes many glands that secrete hormones such as thyroid and adrenal gland.
Hormones = act as messengers on the targets they bind in order for some action to occur (growth hormone and adrenaline hormone).
Describe the excretory/urinary system
= ‘exit’ = removes metabolic waste (CO2 + nitrogenous waste like urine)
= maintains an osmotic balance by managing water and solutes
Involves liver, skin, lungs, urinary system.
Urinary system includes bladder and kidney.
Describe the integumentary system
Skin helps protect your organs from outside damage + helps with temperature regulation and losing water.
Skin has layers - epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
Also includes hair, nails, and sebaceous glands with secrete oils.
Describe the lymphatic and immune system
= Lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, bone marrow, and spleen play important roles in the immune system.
= This system collects, filters and returns the lymph to the blood, which helps in immune function and specialised white blood cells (protect against pathogens like bacteria and viruses).
Describe the muscular system
Bones need muscles to move.
3 types:
skeletal (bones)
smooth (e.g digestive system)
cardiac muscles (heart)
–> They all function in many different areas of the body
Describe the nervous system
= Responsible for coordinating all kinds of actions in your body - voluntary and involuntary.
It consists of the CNS and PNS.
Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System includes the nerves throughout the body.
Describe the reproductive system
= Allows for reproduction (babies).
There are both internal and external structures that are part of the male and female reproductive system: uterus and gonads (ovaries and testes - produce gametes like eggs and sperms)
Describe the respiratory system
= Allows for the intake of O2 into the body and exhaling CO2 out of the body.
This system includes the lungs and airways (such as trachea).
Describe the skeletal system
= Bones support you, protect your organs, and produce blood cells from the bone marrow in the bone.
This system is divided into the:
1) Axial skeleton (head, lung area, private area)
2) Appendicular skeleton (hands, arms, legs, feet, hips)
Describe the 4 types of body tissues
Epithelial tissue - covers surfaces of the body and lines organs
Connective tissue - binds, supports, and protects cells and organs
Muscle tissue - excitable, contracts, (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
Neural tissue - excitable, nerve impulses to communicate between different parts of the body.
Describe the principles of homeostatic regulation
= the processes that maintain a stable internal environment in an organism despite external changes.This is crucial for survival and involves feedback mechanisms:
- Negative feedback works to reverse a change and bring the system back to its set point.
- Positive feedback amplifies a response until a specific outcome is achieved.
