Human body system Semester 1 final Flashcards
Anterior
situated toward the front of the body
Deep
Away from the body body surface: more internal
Directional terms
terms used to explain Where on body structure is in relation to another
Distal
situated away from the point of attachment or origin or from a central point; located away from the center of the body
Dorsal
being or located near, on, or toward the back or posterior part of the human body; opposite of ventral
identity
the distinguishing character or personality of an individual
inferior
situated below and closer to the feet than another and especially, than another similar part of an upright body, especially a human being
lateral
Of or relating to the side; especially of a body part
Medial
lying or extending in the middle, especially of a body part
Posterior
situated at or toward the hind part of the body
proximal
situated next to or near the point of attachment or origin or near a central point
regional terms
anatomical terms that refer to specific visible landmarks on the surface of the body
superficial
of, relating to, or located near the surface
superior
situated toward the head and further away from the feet than another and especially, than another similar part of an upright body, especially of a human
system
a group of body organs or structures that together perform one or more vital functions
ventral
pertaining to the anterior or front side of the body; opposite if dorsal
adipose tissue
connective tissue in which fat is stored; has the cells distended by droplets of fat
Apperndicular skeleton
bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
axial skeleton
the skeleton of the trunk and head
connective tissue
animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues; has a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix
Epithelial Tissue
sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities
Femur
The proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that is the longest and largest bone in the human body; extends from the hip to the knee
Forensic Anthropology
The branch of physical anthropology in which anthropological data, criteria, and techniques are used to determine the sex, age, genetic population, or parentage of skeletal or biological materials in questions of civil or criminal law
Humerus
The longest bone of the upper arm or forelimb extending from the shoulder to the elbow
pelvis
A basin-shaped structure in the skeleton of many vertebrates that is formed by the pelvic girdle together with the sacrum and often various coccygeal and caudal vertebrae and that in humans is composed of the two hip bones bounding it on each side and in front while the sacrum and coccyx complete it behind.
skull
The skeleton of the head forming a bony case that encloses and protects the brain and chief sense organs and supports the jaws
tibia
The inner and usually larger of the two bones of the leg between the knee and ankle that articulates above the femur and below with the talus; also called shinbone
Tissue
An integrated group of cells with a common structure and function
Agarose
A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the supporting medium in gel electroporesis
biometrics
The measurement and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins
gel electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
restiction enzyme
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
Brain stem
The part if the brain compsed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum
central nervous system
The part of the nervous system which in vertebrates consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system
cerebellum
A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe.
cerebrum
The dorsal portion, composed of right and left hemispheres, of the vertebrate forebrain; the integrating center for memory, learning, emotions, and other highly complex function of the central nervous system.
Gyrus
A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.
limbic system
A group of subcortical structures (as the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala) of the brain that are concerned especially with emotion and motivation.
Lobe
A division of a body organ (as the brain, lungs, or liver) marked off by a fissure on the surface.
peripheral nervous system
the part of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system and comprises the cranial nerves expecting the optic nerve, the spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system
Phrenology
The study of the conformation of the skull based on the belief that it is indicative of mental faculties and character
Sulcus
A shallow furrow on the surface of the brain separating adjacent gyri.
