Human Body Structure Flashcards
Physiology
How the parts work
Anatomy
Structure of the body parts and thier location
What are the five levels of structural organization
Cells, tissues, organs ,body systems , and organism
what are the five functions of the cell
To take in food or oxygen, produce heat energy, eliminate waste, reproduce, perform special functions
What are tissues
Cells the same type that join for a common purpose
What are the four tissue groups
Epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle
What is connective tissue
Tissue that supports and protects such as fat blow bone and blood
What is epithelial tissue
Secrete and protect such as skin
What is nerve tissue
Controls and communicate such as nerves brain spinal cord
Is muscle tissue
Moves and protects
What are the three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal smooth and cardiac
What percentage of body tissues are is water
66 to 90%
Is dehydration
When tissue shrink with two little fluid
What is Edema
When tissue swell from too much fluid
What is homeostasis
The state of balance that the body tries to maintain and when body systems regulate internal environment for a stable and constant condition
What are some examples of the body trying to maintain homeostasis
Fluid balance blood pressure balance and temperature balance
What are the two things affecting fluid balance
Dehydration versus fluid retention
Are the two things affecting blood pressure balance
Cardiac output versus blood pressure
What are the two things affecting temperature counts
Hot and cold
What are organs
Two or more tissues join together for a specific function
What are examples of organs
Heart and lungs and brain and liver
What are body systems
Organs and other parts that join together to provide major body functions
What are examples of body systems
respiratory nervous
What is an organism
The result of body systems working together to maintain life
Integumentary system
Protection from infection and dehydration temperature regulation–skin hair nails sweat and oil glands
Digestive system
Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients eliminate solid waste—tongue esophagus stomach intestines pancreas liver and gallbladder
Lymphatic system
Drains excess fluid from tissues fights infection—tonsils lymph nodes lymph fluid spleen
Endocrine system
Produces hormones to control body functions–pituitary gland thyroid adrenaline glands parathyroid pancreas testes and ovaries
Muscular system
Movement protects internal organs produces heat–muscles tendons
Skeletal system
Protects internal organs movement production of blood cells stores calcium –bones ligaments and joints
Circulatory system
Transports nutrients gases and waste products in the blood– heart arteries veins capillaries
Respiratory system
Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide–pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Urinary system
Filters waste products from blood, produces fluid, maintains body’s fluid balance–kidneys, ureters, bladder, uretha
Nervous system
Control center for all body functions interprets and reacts to stimuli–Brain spinal cord nerves
Productive system
Produces a new human organism–ovaries uterus fallopian tubes penis testes prostate
What is the anatomical position
Patient facing forward hands sides palms facing forward
Sagittal plane
Divides body into left and right
Medial
Middle
Lateral
The side
Transverse plane
Divides the body into upper and lower or superior and inferior her
Corona or frontal plane
Divides the body into posterior and anterior or dorsal and ventral
Proximal
Close to the point of origin
Distal
AWay from the point of origin
Caudal
Toward the tail
Cephalc
The head
What are the two dorsal cavitiesq
Cranial and spinal
What are the ventral cavities
Orbital nasal Buchal thoracic rdiaphragm abdominal pelvic
What defied see thoracic and abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
What are the four abdominal quadrants
Right upper left upper right lower left lower and umbilicus
What are the nine abdominal Regions
Right hypochondriac epigastric left hypochondriac right lumbar umbilical left lumbar right iilaic hypogastric left illaic
