Human body orientation Flashcards
What are atoms
Tiny building blocks of matter that combine to form molecules
What are the levels of organization?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal.
What are cells?
The smallest unit of all living things.
What are tissues?
Groups of similar cells that have a common function.
What are the four types of tissue?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural.
What is an organ?
A structure formed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function in the body.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.
What is the integumentary system?
The skin.
What is the skeletal system?
Bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
What is the muscular system?
Skeletal muscles.
What is the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
What is the endocrine system?
Glands (pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, and adrenal), pancreas, and testis and ovaries.
What is the cardiovascular system?
Heart and blood vessels.
What is the lymphatic system?
Thoracic duct, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels.
What is the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and lungs.
What is the digestive system?
Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, and anus.
What is the urinary system?
Kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
What is the reproductive system?
Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, testis, scrotum, penis, ovary, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands.
Integumentary system functions:
External covering, protects tissue from injury, regulates body temperature, and synthesizes vitamin D.
Skeletal system functions:
Protects body organs, provides attachment for muscles, site of hematopoiesis, and stores minerals.
What is hematopoiesis?
Blood cell formation
Muscular system functions:
Produce movement, maintain posture, and produces heat.
Nervous system functions:
Fast acting control system, responds to internal and external change, and activates muscles and glands in response to stimulus.
Endocrine system functions:
Secretes regulatory hormones, growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
Cardiovascular system functions:
Transports materials through blood such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and water.
Lymphatic system functions:
Gets rid of fluid leaked from blood vessels, cleans blood, and stores white blood cells.
Respiratory system functions:
Supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
Digestive system functions:
Breaks down food, allows nutrients to be absorbed into blood stream, and eliminates indigestible material.
Urinary system functions:
Eliminates nitrogenous waste, maintains acid base levels in the blood, and regulates water and electrolytes.
What are the keys to maintaining life?
Boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.
What is metabolism?
Broad term for all chemical reactions that occur within the body. Includes breaking down complex substances (catabolism), making larger structures (anabolism), and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP for energy.
What are survival needs?
Nutrients, oxygen, water, body temperature, atmospheric pressure, and homeostasis
what is homeostasis?
The ability to maintain normal internal conditions while the outside world is changing.
What are the homeostasis control mechanisms?
Receptors, control center, and effector (negative and positive feedback).
What is the difference between the efferent and affecting path ways?
Afferent-approaches
Efferent-exits
What part of the brain controls feedback?
Hypothalamus in the brain.
Frontal
Forehead
Orbital
Eyes
