Human body and illness Flashcards
Define what an atom is?
They are the smallest particles of matter and are made up of protons, electrons and neutrons. they are the building blocks of molecules
Give an example of an atom
Oxygen
Hydrogen
What are the main elements that make up a human
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium.
What is a cell membrane
It surrounds and encloses all of the cell and only allows passage to a few things. ( selectively permeable)
What Is the cytoplasm?
It Is inside of the cell which supports the organelles and is a jelly consistacy
Describe what a Nucleus is and does?
It is an organelle found in a nucleus envelope ( nucleus membrane)
It holds the DNA molecules along with proteins used to make chromosomes
Controls cell activity.
Describe what a mitochondria is and does?
Membrane bound organelles found in cytoplasm.
Generates most of the chemicals energy needed to power cell’s biochemical reactions ( cellular respiration.
Energy is stored in ATP.
In cellular respiration, the cellular acid cycle and the electric transport chain happens here.
Describe what a Ribosome is and does?
Complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins.
It is a factory for protein synthesis as It translates encoded messages from messenger RNA molecules to make proteins from amino acids.
Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and on the wall of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What are organelles used for?
Carries out cell activity.
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
It is the transport system for molecules and the place for the synthesis of proteins for use of outside of cells.
Name the parts of the level of structural complexity
Atom- Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system ( cardiovascular system) organism.
What parts of the brain are involved in maintaining homeostasis?
The medulla and the pituitary gland
Nervous system and Endocrine system.
What does the nervous system do to maintain homeostasis?
It sends messages in the form as nerve impulses to organs to maintain homeostasis.
What are the factors that can effect homeostasis?
Heat - External
Oxygen - External
Water Balance - internal
Blood Sugar - internal
What is the Negative feedback system in the body ?
It is a cycle of events in which the status of the body id monitored evaluated, changed and then it is started over.
What are the 3 concepts of feedback systems?
Receptors
Control centre
Effectors
What controls negative feedback?
Nothing, it is self regulating.
What is the receptor in the feedback systems and what Is it’s function?
The structure in the body that monitors changes in the specific parameter, E.g. nerve endings in the skin.
What is the control centre in the feedback system and its functions?
The area within the body which ‘sets’ the range of values for a specified parameter. The input from the receptor is evaluated and any output commands are generated.
What is the effector in the feedback system and it’s function?
The area of the body which receives the output and provides an adaptive response returning the specified parameter to within normal limits
What is an example of Negative Feedback in Glucose levels
Increase glucose- Insulin secreted- stores glucose as glycogen- restore glucose level.
Decrease glucose- glycogen secreted- breaks down glucose- glucose level normal.
What are hormones?
They are chemicals messengers that are circulated around the body to a target place away from where produced e.g. insulin.
What do glands produce?
Give an example.
Glands produce hormones or fluid, e.g. adrenal glands on top of the kidney produces adrenaline ( Hormones).
Salivary glands produce saliva (fluid).
Pituitary glands secretes hormones.
How much of an adults body in water?
50 - 60%
F M
