Human Body Flashcards
What 3 states does the human body exist?
Liquid, gas and solids
What is the living substance of the cell?
Protoplasm
Name the 4 types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelia (skin), Connective (bones, blood, fat), Muscle (heart) and Nervous Tissue.
What does the term extracellular refer to?
Anything outside of the cell.
What do we mean by system?
A group of organs that work together meet the bodies needs.
What is it called when cells make new versions of themselves?
Cell division
What is mitosis?
When a cell makes an exact replica of itself.
What are the reproductive cells referred to?
Gametes.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
In meiosis only half of the cells dna is copied into the new cell.
Where are genes found within the cell?
Chromosomes.
What is the function of mRNA?
Act as temporary templates that are sent out to cystol to control cell function.
What term refers to an organisms complete set of DNA?
Genome.
What is they key working molecule and building block of all cells?
Proteins.
What are the two main steps in protein synthesis?
- DNA is first transcribed to RNA 2. RNA is then translated to a protein.
What is another name for protein synthesis?
Gene Expression
How many different amino acids can be used to make a protein?
20
What factors does gene expression depend on?
Type of tissue, age of person, presence of specific chemical signals.
What type of therapy uses sections of DNA to treat or prevent a disease or medical disorder?
Gene
What may be detected by gene testing?
A likelihood of developing Alzheimers or cancer.
The name of the location of a gene on a chromosome.
The locus.
What is an allelle?
A form of gene that occupies the same location on each chromosome of a pair.
How many pairs of chromosmes does a human cell contain?
23
What are the two types of chromosomal aberrations?
Numerical and structural.
What does a numerical chromosomal aberration effect?
The whole chromosome or a set of chromosomes.
What are the 4 main types of structural chromosomal aberrations?
Deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation.
What condition does trisomy 21 result in?
Downs syndrome
What are common characteristics of edwards syndrome?
Severe mental disability, clenched hands, a large back of the head and a small mouth.
What are the 6 rights of drug administration?
patient, reason, drug, route, dose and documentation.
