Human Body Flashcards
What is mechanical digestion?
Mastication
The movement of crushing food down into smaller pieces
What is chemical digestion?
Breaking down food into molecules using enzymes
What is the role of the pancreas?
It’s important for digesting food and managing your use of sugar for energy after digestion
What conditions are found in the stomach for digestion?
Enzymes
Hydrochloric Acids
What happens to food once it enters the mouth up to reaching the stomach?
After you swallow, peristalsis pushes the food down your esophagus into your stomach. Glands in your stomach lining make stomach acids and enzymes that break down food. Muscles in your stomach also mix the food with the digestive juices.
What is the role of the liver?
All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver. The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates nutrients that are easier to use for the rest of the body and that are nontoxic.
What is the role of the Gall bladder?
Your gall bladder is part of your digestive system. It’s main function is to store bile. Bile helps your digestive system break down fats. Bile is a mixture of mainly cholesterol, bilirubin and bile salts.
What is the role of the small intestine?
The small intestine absorbs nutrients and water from your food. The muscle movement of the small intestine also helps break food down and process it through your body.
What is the role of the large intestine?
The large intestine includes the colon, rectum and anus. It’s all one, long tube that continues from the small intestine as food nears the end of its journey through your digestive system. The large intestine turns food waste into stool and passes it from the body through the rectum and anus when you poop.
What are 3 enzymes we learned about for digestion?
1 Amylase - Break down carbs like starch into simple sugars
2 Lipase - Break down fat into three fatty acids plus glycerol molecule
3 Pepsin - Serves to digest proteins found in ingested food?
4 Protease - Break down protein into small peptides amino acids
How are fats digested?
Fats are digested by lipase that hydrolyze the glycerol fatty acid bonds. Bile salts emulsify the fats to allow for their solution as micelles in the chyme and to increase the surface area for the pancreatic lipase to operate.
What are the units that make up a protein? Starch? Fat?
Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another into long chains. There are about 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.
How would your digestive system be affected if your stomach functioned poorly?
The stomach does the chemical digestion, so it technically just breaks up the food with acids and enzymes.
It would probably be a lot harder to extract the nutrients in the small intestines and stuff like that because the right order of digestion is very important, so at the end your body would just be lacking nutrients, so if this was happening for a long time, you would Definetly eventually get sick and then at some point die.
What is important about glucose? What is a food source of glucose?
It’s the only thing that the body can use to burn cells and produce energy, so you can’t live without it
All carbohydrates give you glucose directly, like for example sugar
Can you explain the differences between vein/artery/capillary and why this important?
Veins and arteries are the vessels that transport the blood
2 types of veins and 2 types of arteries, normal and pulmonary
Artery carry blood from heart to the body (oxygenated)
Veins carry blood body to heart (deoxygenated)
And for the pulmonary ones its flipped
Capillary: Blood vessels have a wall that lets certain things pass
