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Radbio > Human Biology Ch 32 > Flashcards

Human Biology Ch 32 Flashcards

1
Q

Radiation response occurs within minutes or

days after radiation exposure

A

Early Effect of Radiation

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2
Q

Radiation response that is not observe for 6

months or longer after radiation exposure

A

Late Effect of Radiation

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3
Q

The study of the effects of ionizing radiation

on biologic tissue

A

Radiobiology

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4
Q

It determines the character & degree of the

radiation interaction that occurs

A

Atomic Composition

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5
Q

First named the cell as the biologic building

block

A

Robert Hooke (1665)

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6
Q

Accurately described a living cell on the

basis of his microscopic observations

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1673)

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7
Q

Showed that cells are the basic functional

units in all plants & animals

A

Schneider & Schwann (1838)

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8
Q 
Described the molecular structure of 
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as genetic 
substance of the cell
A

Watson & Crick (1953)

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9
Q

precise mapping of 40,000 human

genes

A

Human Genope Project (2000)

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10
Q

It defines the nature of radiation response

A

Molecular & Tissue Composition

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11
Q

Very large molecules that sometimes consist

of hundreds of thousands of atoms

A

Macromolecules

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12
Q

Life-supporting & contains carbon

A

Organic Molecule

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13
Q

The rarest molecule in the body, The most critical & radiosensitive target
molecule

A

Nucleic Acid

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14
Q

The simplest & the most abundant molecular

constituent in the body

A

Water

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15
Q

Essential for proper metabolism

A

Trace Elements & Inorganic Salts

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16
Q

The state of equilibrium among tissue &

organs

A

Homeostasis

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17
Q

Breaking down into smaller units of

macromolecules

A

Catabolism

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18
Q

The production of large molecules from

small

A

Anabolism

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19
Q

Catabolism & anabolism

A

Metabolism

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20
Q

Long chain macromolecules that consist of a
linear sequence of amino acids connected by
peptide bonds

A

Proteins

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21
Q

The metabolic production of proteins

A

Protein Synthesis

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22
Q

Molecules that are necessary in small
quantities to allow a biochemical reaction to
continue, even though they do not directly
enter into the reaction

A

Enzymes

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23
Q

Molecules that exercise regulatory control

over some body functions

A

Hormones

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24
Q

A primary defense mechanism of the body

against infection & disease

A

Antibodies

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25
Q

Invasive & infectious agent

A

Antigen

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26
Q

Organic macromolecules composed solely

of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

A

Lipids

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27
Q

First considered to be watered or hydrated

carbons

A

Carbohydrates

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28
Q

A simple sugar, The ultimate molecule that fuels the body

A

Glucose

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29
Q

Ordinary table sugar

A

Sucrose

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30
Q

Plant starches & animal glycogen

A

Polysaccharides

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31
Q

A human polysaccharide, It used only when quantities of the simple
sugar (glucose) are inadequate

A

Glycogen

32
Q

A very large and extremely complex

macromolecules

A

Nucleic Acids

33
Q

Two principal Nucleic Acids

A

DNA & RNA

34
Q

It contains all the hereditary information that

represents a cell or whole individual

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

35
Q

The base sugar-phosphate combination

A

Nucleotide

36
Q

Two Major Structures of Human Cell

A

Nucleus & Cytoplasm

37
Q

The center of the cell

A

Nucleus

38
Q

A rounded structure that is attached to the

nuclear membrane

A

Nucleolus

39
Q

A double-walled structure that at some
locations is connected to the endoplasmic
reticulum

A

Nuclear Membrane

40
Q

The bulk of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

41
Q

a channel or series or channels that allows
the nucleus to communicate with the
cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

42
Q

The engine of the cell

A

Mitochondria

43
Q

The site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

44
Q

They contains enzymes capable of digesting
cellular fragments & sometimes the cell
itself

A

Lysosomes

45
Q

Absorbs all nutrients through the cell

membrane

A

Cell Function

46
Q

A critical cellular function necessary for

survival

A

Protein Synthesis

47
Q

It identifies one of the 22 amino acids

available for protein synthesis

A

Codon

48
Q

The act of a single cell or group of cells to

reproduce & multiply in number

A

Cell Proliferation

49
Q

Two General Types of Cells in the Human Body

A

Genetic/Germ Cell & Somatic Cell

50
Q

Process of somatic cell division wherein a
parent cell divides to form two daughter
cells identical to the parent cell

A

Mitosis

51
Q

4 subphases of Mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase & telophase (PMAT)

52
Q

Two Phases of the Cell Cycle

A

Metaphase & Interphase

53
Q

The period of growth of the cell between

divisions

A

Interphase

54
Q

Four Phases of the Cell Cycle

A

M, G1, S & G2

55
Q

Pre-DNA synthesis phase

A

G1 Phase

56
Q

The DNA-synthesis phase

A

S Phase

57
Q

 The post-DNA synthesis gap of the cell

growth

A

G2 Phase

58
Q

The nucleus swells

A

Prophase

59
Q

Radiation-induced chromosome damage is

analyzed during…

A

Metaphase

60
Q

appear & lined up along the equator of the nucleus

A

Metaphase

61
Q

New chromosome migrates toward

the spindle

A

Anaphase

62
Q

The final segment of mitosis

A

Telophase

63
Q

The process whereby genetic cells undergo

reduction division

A

Meiosis

64
Q

Process that occurs during meiosis wherein

chromatids exchange chromosomal material

A

Crossover

65
Q

Collection of cells of similar structure &

function

A

Tissue

66
Q

Collection of tissues of similar structure &

function

A

Organs

67
Q

Combination of tissues & organs that forms

an overall integrated organization

A

Organ System

68
Q

Undifferentiated cells, precursor cells or

stem cells

A

Immature Cells

69
Q

Types of Tissues

A

Epithelium, Connective & Supporting,

Muscle & Nervous

70
Q

The covering tissue, It lines all the exposed surfaces of the body,
both exterior & interior

A

Epithelium

71
Q

It binds tissue & organs together

A

Connective & Supporting Tissue

72
Q

A special type of tissue that can contract

A

Muscle Tissue

73
Q

The avenue by which electrical impulses are
transmitted throughout the body for control
& response

A

Nervous Tissue

74
Q

Part of an organ that contains tissues

representative of that particular organ

A

Parenchymal

75
Q

Part of an organ that is composed of

connective tissue & vasculature

A

Stromal

Radbio (3 decks)

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