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Human bio final > Human Bio Final > Flashcards

Human Bio Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Stores/Processess/Ships ER products

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2
Q

Lysosome

A

Digests and Recycles macromolecules

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3
Q

Vesicle

A

Storage Sack

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4
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Gate Keeper

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5
Q

Centrioles & Centrosome

A

Cell Division & Makes Microtubules

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6
Q

Ribosome & Rough ER

A

Makes Proteins

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7
Q

Smooth ER

A

Makes lipids, detoxification, and stores calcium

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8
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Powerhouse of Cell, Makes ATP

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores and Copies Genetic Material

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

Makes Ribosomes

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

It is genetic material.

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12
Q

DNA

A

A-T / G-C

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13
Q

RNA

A

A-U / G-C / T-A

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14
Q

Meiosis

A
  • In only plants, animals, and fungi
  • Sex cells
  • 2 cell divisions
  • Makes 4 haploid daughter cells
  • 23 chromosomes
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15
Q

Mitosis

A
  • Occurs in all organisms
  • Somatic cells
  • 1 cell division
  • Makes 2 diploid daughter cells
  • 46 chromosomes
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16
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Starch, Monosaccharides

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17
Q

Lipids

A

Fats, and oils

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18
Q

Proteins

A

Collagen, Keratin, Insulin

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19
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

DNA & RNA

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20
Q

Brain (Frontal Lobe)

A

Planning & Decision Making

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21
Q

Brain (Parietal lobe)

A

Speech Comprehension

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21
Q

Brain (Temporal lobe)

A

Olfaction & hearing

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21
Q

Pharynx

A

Swallowing (throat)

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21
Q

Brain (Occipital Lobe)

A

Vision

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22
Q

Insula

A

Major role in memory

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22
Q

Mouth

A

Enzyme digestion of carbohydrates (bolus)

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22
Q

Small intestine

A

Site of most digestion and absorption

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22
Q

Esophagus

A

Food tube

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22
Q

Stomach

A

Begin enzyme digestion of proteins in acid (chyme)

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22
Q

Large Intestine

A

Water and mineral absoprtion

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23
Q

Liver

A

Bile production, filter blood

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23
Q

Gallbladder

A

Bile storage

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23
Q

Pancreas

A

Adds enzymes and bicarbonate to duodenum.

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24
Q

Uvula

A

Keeps food from going into nose

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25
Q

Epiglottis

A

Keeps food from going into larynx.

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26
Q

Larynx

A

voice box

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27
Q

Trachea

A

windpipe

28
Q

Lung

A

Gas exchange

29
Q

Spleen

A

Filter blood

30
Q

Kidney

A

Produces urine.

31
Q

Ureter

A

Delivers urine to bladder.

32
Q

Bladder

A

Stores urine.

33
Q

Urethra

A

Urinary and reproductive structure.

34
Q

Uterus

A

Zygote –> Embryo –> Fetus development

35
Q

Uterine Tube

A

Site of fertilization

36
Q

Ovary

A

Egg production

37
Q

Clitoris

A

Spongy erectile tissue

38
Q

Vulva

A

External genitalia - Labia and vestibule

39
Q

Testis

A

Sperm production

40
Q

Epididymis

A

Sperm maturation

41
Q

Prostate

A

Adds to ejaculate.

41
Q

Secondary sex characteristics, promotes sperm maturation, and closure of epiphyses.

A

Testosterone - Testes

42
Q

Penis

A

Spongy erectile tissue

43
Q

Increases cell respiration and increase protein synthesis.

A

Thyroxine & T3 - Thyroid Gland

44
Q

Decreases blood calcium.

A

Calcitonin - Thyroid gland

45
Q

Increases reabsorption of water in kidneys, increased saltiness of body fluids.

A

Antidiuretic hormone - Posterior Pituitary Gland

46
Q

Uterine contractions, milk secretion, cuddling hormone.

A

Oxytocin - Posterior Pituitary Gland

47
Q

Increases mitosis, amino acid transport into cells, protein synthesis use of fat for energy, glycogenolysis.

A

Growth Hormone - Anterior Pituitary Gland.

48
Q

Ovulation and testosterone secretion

A

Luteinizing hormone - Anterior Pituitary Gland

49
Q

Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone - Anterior pituitary gland

49
Q

Sperm production in men, egg development, estrogen secretion.

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone - Anterior pituitary gland

50
Q

Stimulates milk production by mammary glands.

A

Prolactin - Anterior Pituitary Gland

51
Q

Stimulates normal thyroid growth and the release of thyroid hormones.

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Anterior Pituitary Gland

52
Q

Increases blood calcium (opposite of calcitonin)

A

Parathyroid hormone - Parathyroid gland

53
Q

Islets of Langerhans & Secretes glucagon and insulin

A

Endocrine - Pancreas

54
Q

Produce insulin, decreases blood glucose levels

A

Beta Cells - Pancreas

55
Q

Produce glucagon, increases blood glucose levels

A

Alpha cells - Pancreas

56
Q

Increases blood pressure by generalized vasoconstriction. Fight/Flight

A

Norepinephrine - Medulla Adrenal Gland

57
Q

Increases heart rate and blood glucose. Dilates bronchioles and decreases peristalsis.

A

Epinephrine - Medulla Adrenal Gland

58
Q

Increases the use of fats & amino acids for energy. Secreted during stress.

A

Cortisol - Cortex Adrenal Gland

59
Q

Increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion in Kidneys. Contributes to maintaining blood pH, volume and pressure.

A

Aldosterone - Cortex Adrenal Gland

60
Q

Promotes maturation of ovum, stimulates blood vessel production in lining of uterus.

A

Estrogen - Ovaries

61
Q

Promotes storage of glycogen and blood vessel formation in lining of uterus. Development of mammary glands.

A

Progesterone - Ovaries

62
Q

Inhibits FSH production

A

Inhibin - Ovaries

63
Q

Sperm + Egg =

A

Zygote

64
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Fallopian tubes (uterine)

65
Q

What is the acrosome?

A

Tip of head of sperm.

66
Q

Where are blastocyst being implanted?

A

In the endometrium.

67
Q

When is implantation?

A

7-8 days

68
Q

Order of growth?

A

Zygote - Embryo - Fetus

69
Q

Ectoderm

A

Nervous system and epidermis

70
Q

Mesoderm

A

Smooth muscle and bones

71
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive tract organs

72
Q

What is an amnion?

A

Thin membrane surrounding embryo, and it contains amniotic fluid.

73
Q

What does rupture of a amnion signify?

A

Water breaking - End of 1st stage of labor

74
Q

How is the placenta formed?

A

By the Chorion of the Embryo and the Endometrium of the uterus.

75
Q

What is afterbirth?

A

When placenta detaches and is delivered.

76
Q

First stage of labor?

A

Cervix dilates and amniotic sack breaks (Water). End of stage 1.

77
Q

Second stage of labor?

A

Infant delivery

78
Q

Third Stage of labor?

A

Afterbirth, when placenta comes out.

Human bio final (2 decks)

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