Human Bio-Cultural Social Evolution

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

is a specified, coherent, and economical framework of interdependent statements and definitions, constructed to explain and describe as many particular basic facts as possible

Question 2

What is evolution?

Answer 2

Evolution is a theory, meaning it is widely approved by the scientific community and heavily supported with evidence.

Question 3

describes when a group of organisms changes over time. This can occur over long periods of time or short periods of time.

Answer 3

Evolution

Question 4

difference of macroevolution and microevolution

Answer 4

MACROEVOLUTION
- Large-scale changes
- Longer time period
- At/above level of species
- Extended microevolution
- Fossil Evidence
- More controversial
- Eg. Reptiles&raquo_space;> Birds

MICROEVOLUTION
- Small-Scale changes
- Few generations
- Within species/population
- small evolutionary changes
- observable
- experimental evidence
- less controversial
- eg. Bacteria resistance to antibiotics

Question 5

The first fossil apes or hominoids began to appear in Asia, Africa and Europe. Also known as Golden Age of Hominoids.

Answer 5

Minocene ERA

Question 6

refers to the changes,
modifications, and variations in the genetics and
inherited traits of biological populations from one
generation to another. based on the theory of evolution
that was introduced by the famous English naturalist and
geologist Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Because of the
result of his studies, he introduced the concept of
evolution to explain the origins of modern humans.

Answer 6

Biological Evolution

Question 7

Who introduced the theory of evolution?

Answer 7

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Question 8

is the revolutionary process leading to the appearance of modern-day humans.

Answer 8

Human Evolution

Question 9

is used to determine the species of human
beings.

Answer 9

HOMO

Question 10

is the direct ancestors of homo species

Answer 10

HOMINIDS

Question 11

The ________ according to (Ember of 2002) one of the most controversial aspects of Darwin’s theory, suggests that one species could evolve into another species. It is one of the earliest members of the primate family hominid, containing humans, their immediate ancestors, and close extinct relatives. Broad-shouldered tailless primates that includes all living and extinct apes and humans,come from latin words homo and homi means HUMAN BEING.

Answer 11

HOMINOIDS

Question 12

The first definite Hominid, their teeth
share basic hominid characteristic of small canine, flat
and thickly enameled molars and a parabolic dental
arch, and there is ambiguous evidence that even the
earliest australopithecines were bipedal. Bipedal refers to
using two feet in moving

Answer 12

Australopithecine

Question 13

Australopithecines are divided into 2 groups and what are those?

Answer 13

Gracile Australopithecines

Robust Australopithecines

Question 14

A group of Australopithecines that has smaller dentition and facial muscles. they lacked bony crests for the attachment of heavy chewing muscles, that’s why they are frugivores (feeds on fruit). shared several traits with modern apes and humans and were widespread throughout Eastern and Southern Africa as early as 4 to as late as 1.2 million years ago. - the earliest evidence of fundamentally bipedal hominids can be observed at the site of Laetoli in Tanzania.

Answer 14

Gracile Australopithecines

Question 15

________ or Paranthropus, are characterized by several features of the skull that give them a ________ appearance when compared to gracile hominids. they existed in East and Southern Africa between approximately 2.5 and 1.4 million years ago.The most notable of these features are large, thickly enameled, post-canine teeth that were supported by deep and broad mandibular corpora with tall and broad rami. Robust forms adapted to consume heavy and gritty vegetation as they are herbivores.

Answer 15

Robust Australopithecines

Question 16

have a brain larger compared to the
Australopithecus species which appeared about 2.3
million years ago.

Answer 16

Homo Species

Question 17

modern humans and was the
first to make stone tools. The ability to make and use tools
is unique quality to humans such that the species is
recognized to be the first true human. The specie names
mean “Handy Man”. Lived about 2.4 to 1.4 million years
ago scavenging for food

Answer 17

Homo Habilis

Question 18

somehow the same as the
features of Homo Habilis. Many
paleoanthropologists make no distinctions between
the two species. Some say that the difference lies
on their cheek teeth and face. It has a broader
face, larger braincase, and larger molar and
premolar teeth compared to the Homo. Habilis.

Answer 18

Homo Rudolfensis

Question 19

The species names “Upright Man” with
body proportion similar to that modern humans. Lived 1.89
to 143,000 years ago; adapted to hot climates and most
spread in Africa and Asia. They were the first hunters with
improvised tools such as axes and knives, and were the
first to produce fire.

Answer 19

Homo Erectus

Question 20

The species name means “Wise Man”
that appeared form 200,000 years ago. The present human
race belongs to this species

Answer 20

Homo Sapiens

Question 21

Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon is characterized to be anatomically modern humans and lived in the last Ice Age of Europe 40,000 to
10,000 years ago. They were the first to produce art in cave paintings and crafting decorated tools and accessories.

Answer 21

Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Question 22

What is the Paleolithic Age?

Answer 22

• Old Stone Age
• 2,000,000 BC to 10,000 BC
• People were nomadic
• Lived in clans of 20-30 people
• Men hunted/fished, and women gathered wild fruits/nuts/roots
• People depended entirely on their environment for their survival especially the climate.

Question 23

Marked the existence of Homo Erectus. Hand ax and other stone tools are created

Answer 23

Lower Paleolithic Period

Question 24

Homo Sapiens made more efficient tools, allowing them to do anatomical labor
easier such as lifting, holding, and pulling. Specialization of tools was also done by creating flakes of rocks detailing.

Answer 24

Middle Paleolithic Period

Question 25

blade was the most distinct
tool developed. Homo Sapiens explore new economic
activities

Answer 25

Upper Paleolithic Period

Question 26

He coined the term “Neolithic Revolution” in 1935 to describe the radical and important period of change in which humans began
cultivating plants, breeding animals for food, and forming permanent settlements. The advent of agriculture separated Neolithic people from their Paleolithic ancestors

Answer 26

Gordon Childe

Question 27

was the critical transition that resulted in the birth of agriculture, taking Homo sapiens from scattered groups of hunter-gatherers to farming villages and from there to technologically sophisticated societies with great temples and towers and kings and priests who directed the labor

Answer 27

Neolithic Period

Question 28

Early societies started to emerge as a result of man interaction with his environment. Every society isorganized in such a way that there will be rules of
conduct, customs, traditions, folkways, and mores,
and expectations that ensure appropriate behavior
among members (Palispis, 2007).

Answer 28

frngl

Question 29

How does society maintain order so that it will
persist for a long period?

Answer 29

Society maintains long-term order through established rules, governance structures, cultural norms, and effective institutions that promote stability and cooperation among its members.

Question 30

What is the role of social institutions in social life?

Answer 30

Social institutions play a crucial role in shaping and organizing various aspects of social life. They provide structure, norms, and rules that guide individuals’ behavior and interactions within a society. Institutions such as family, education, religion, and government contribute to social order, stability, and the transmission of cultural values from one generation to the next.

Question 31

What does HOMI mean?

Answer 31

Human Being

Question 32

the most controversial aspects of
Darwin’s theory, suggests that?

Answer 32

One species could evolve to another species