Human behavior theories Flashcards
Theory of affiliation: Two different ones, what are they called?
Person affiliation and place affiliation
Theory of affiliation - person affiliation: Describe
People will move towards familiar people or people they have a strong psychological connection with in case of an emergency.
Theory of affiliation - place affiliation: Describe
People will move towards familiar places in case of an emergency, more specifically the same door they entered through instead of the closest emergency exit.
Theory of affiliation - place affiliation: Is it possible to break the trend?
Location of emergency exit - at the end of a corridor instead of along it
Windows on emergency exits - people are more likely to use the door if they can see the outdoors through it
Risk perception: Describe
People usually have a shitty risk perception. They especially can’t estimate the growth of a fire for shit as they perceive it to be linear instead of exponential.
Help in emergencies: Describe the model (steps)
Cue -> Notice cue -> Interpret as emergency -> Assume responsibility -> Decide to evacuate -> Evacuate
Help in emergencies: How does the presence of other people affect response time?
Slows it down significantly, especially when others are passive or dismissive.
Social influence: Describe (two parts)?
People will take cues from others when unsure how to act in a situation. Might prevent people from evacuating.
Informational - gets information from behavior of others
Normative - need to not be different
Social influence: what can help people break the influence in case of an evacuation?
Voice message with clear instructions instead of just a bell.
Theory of affordances: Describe and what types are there?
“How does an object support the user to achieve their goal?”
- Sensory
- Cognitive
- Physical
- Functional
An object has to have all four to be an affordance.
Theory of affordances: Example of affordances for an emergency evacuation door
Sensory: sign above door, color of door
Cognitive: emergency exit sign -> understand it’s an emergency exit
Physical: the handle
Functional: evacuation
Theory of affordances: Describe the different affordances
- Sensory: touching, seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting
What makes it possible to ‘see’ the door? - Cognitive: understand
How do you know that what you see is a door? Do you know how to use the door? - Physical: physically doing or using
Can you open the door? - Functional: fulfil the goal (useful)
Can you achieve your goal of reaching safety?
Panic: describe the misinformation surrounding panic
Too much information = panic -> restricted information to occupants -> difficult for them to make informed decisions.
Used as scapegoat: fatality = panic response, no fatality = heroic response
Panic: what happens when you blame behavior on panic?
Puts responsibility on the occupant and makes officials not responsible.
Panic: errors in attribution
- Fundamental attribution error: People tend to see other people’s mistakes as being caused by traits but their own mistakes as caused by situations.
- Defensive attribution: tendency to blame victim (can be seen as an extension of the fundamental attribution error)
- Actor-observed effect: Actors have more information about their own past behavior and are more aware of situational factors than observers.
- Self-serving bias: overestimating how much we (relative to others) contributed to a positive outcome. We tend to equate successes to internal attributes and failures to external attributes (eg. promotion vs getting fired)
