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Human Behavior and Victimology > Human Behavior and Victimology > Flashcards

Human Behavior and Victimology Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is a negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from
reaching a goal.

A

Frustration

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2
Q

______ is simply refusing to acknowledge that an event has occurred the
person affected simply acts as if nothing has happened behaving in ways that
others may see as bizarre

A

Denial

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3
Q

Major depressive disorder – this is also called?

A

Major depression

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4
Q

_______ is known as the negative stress

A

Distress

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5
Q

it refers to the act of blaming a person or group of people for
conditions not of their making

A

Scapegoating

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6
Q

When we are faced with a disappointment over something that is
important to us, we are faced with the problem of having our expectations and predictions
dashed. This is what we called?

A

Travializing

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7
Q

It is one of the sources of frustration such as: drought typhoons flat tire, etc. that prevents a person
from doing his plans or fulfilling his wishes

A

Physical obstacles

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8
Q

This is a major depressive episode that occurs after
having a baby

A

Postpartum depression

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9
Q

In ________ the individual must
choose between two positive goals of approximately equal value. In these two
pleasing things are wanted but only one option should be chosen.

A

Approach-approach conflict

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10
Q

Categories for Theories of emotion are:

A

Physical, neurological, and cognitive theories.

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11
Q

________ is defined as a total response of an organism, in reply to living
circumstances, depending on the environmental stimulation and its internal tension of
successive movements which are oriented in a significant way

A

Behavior

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12
Q

this refers to an instance where in boys build up a warm and
loving relationship with mothers (mommy’s boy).

A

Oedipus complex

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13
Q

Who claimed that criminality is the
result of emotional immaturity?

A

Walter bromberg

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14
Q

Formerly knowns as Mental Retardation. It is characterized by below-average
intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living

A

Intellectual Disability

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15
Q

This individual has broad shoulders, powerful legs and
muscular body types. This type usually commits violent crimes

A

Athletic type

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16
Q

He was a 1970s serial murderer, rapist and necrophiliac.

A

Ted bundy

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17
Q

refers to feelings affective responses as a result of physiological arousal,
thoughts and beliefs, subjective evaluation and bodily expression. It is a state characterized
by facial expressions, gestures, postures and subjective feelings.

A

Emotion

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18
Q

What kind of coping mechanism is provided below
Example: A person who sexually desire another person but is unable to fulfill that
desire (for example the other person is married) convinces

A

Aim inhibition

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19
Q

Enumerate the types of long-term stress

A

Stressful event sequences, chronic and distant stress

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20
Q

________ explains that criminal behavior is learned primarily by observing or
listening to people around us.

A

Learning factor

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21
Q

________ is the most intimate of these, “triad”
symptoms, and is less likely to be willfully divulged.

A

Bedwetting

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22
Q

He grew up in a repressive household dominated by a controlling mother.
Following her death in 1945, his mental health disintegrated

A

Ed gein

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23
Q

________ suggest that responses within the body are responsible for
emotions

A

Physiological theories

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24
Q

_______ involves more
obvious sources of stress. In such conflicts, both are unwanted goals, but he cannot
keep quiet without opting also

A

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

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25
Q

It is characterized
by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep,
study, eat and enjoyed once – pleasurable activities

A

Major depressive disorder

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26
Q

________ is the second stage. If the stressor persists, it becomes
necessary to attempt some means of coping with the stress.

A

Resistance

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27
Q

it is the act of reducing discomfort by leaving frustrating situation or by
psychologically withdrawing from them such as apathy (pretending not to care) or
illegal drug use.

A

Escape

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28
Q

What kind of coping mechanism is provided below
Example: An addict gives in to his/her desire for alcohol or drugs. A person who dislikes
another person seeks to cause actual harm to him/her.

A

Acting out

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29
Q

It is one of the types of coping mechanism which refers to The person physically deliberately hurts himself/herself in some way
or otherwise puts themselves at high risk of harm.

A

Self-harming

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30
Q

_______ is defined as an unpleasant emotional state for which the cause is either
not readily identified or perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable

A

Anxiety

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31
Q

What kind of coping mechanism is provided below
Example: A person who failed in math excelled in english people who are not
intellectually gifted may turn their attention to social skills.

A

Compensation

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32
Q

_________ is a distress caused by outwardly perceivable conditions that
impedes progress toward a goal

A

External frustration

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33
Q

This occurs when a severe depressive illness is accompanied
by some form of psychosis, such as a break with reality, hallucinations, and
delusions.

A

Psychotic depression

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34
Q

He was an American serial killer who took the lives of 17 males
between 1978 and 1991

A

Jeffrey Dahmer

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35
Q

This individual is stout, has short stubby hands and with round
body. This type usually commits deception, fraud and violence.

A

Pyknic type

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36
Q

It is a measurement of your intelligence and is expressed in a number. It is a
measure of your ability to reason and solve problems.

A

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

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37
Q

_____________ is the scientific study of mental disorders , including efforts to
understand their genetic, biological, psychological, and social causes.

A

Psychopathology

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38
Q

He claimed that crime is an expression of
the mental content of the individual.

A

William Healy

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39
Q

These general characteristics form basic personality foundations

A

Central traits

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40
Q

What psychosexual stage is this, When parents decide to toilet train their children during anal stage, the children learn
how much control they can exert over others with anal sphincter muscles.

A

Anal stage

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41
Q

this refers to an occasion where in girls experience an intense
emotional attachment for their fathers (daddy’s girl).

A

Electra complex

42
Q

______ refers to a voluntary or involuntary attitude of a person in order
to fit the society’s idea of right or wrong, partly determined by heredity and environment,
and modified through learning.

A

Human Behavior

43
Q

________ allows us to get our basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on
the pleasure principle i.e. it wants immediate satisfaction, with no consideration for
the reality of the situation. Id refers to the selfish, primitive, childish, pleasureoriented part of the personality with no ability to delay gratification

A

Id

44
Q

___________ states that a person will exhibit some qualities
commonly found among psychotics, and that they may be more susceptible, given
certain environments, to becoming psychotic

A

Psychoticism

45
Q

this refers to conflict with complex
combinations of approach and avoidance conflicts. It requires individual to choose
between alternatives that contain both positive and negative consequences

A

Multiple-approach-avoidance conflict

46
Q

This is characterized by the onset of a
depressive illness during the winter months, when there is less natural sunlight.
The depression generally lifts during spring and summer.

A

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

47
Q

_______ lacks a clear end point. Often, they force people
two assume new roles or change their self-perception think of a refugee living their native country or an injury leading to permanent disability

A

Chronic stress

48
Q

This example if one of the sources of frustration, identify the example given below
Example: such as: wanting to leave college for a year to try
painting but also wanting to please one parent by remaining in school.

A

Conflicts between motives

49
Q

Identify what kind of coping mechanism is provided below
Example: A Person is having problems with his/her computer. he/she angrily bangs the
keyboard

A

Attack

50
Q

________ is an illness that cause a person to feel sad and hopeless much of the
time.

A

Depression

51
Q

There are a lot of causes that may lead to depression. Identify the statement provide below :
Depression in someone who has the biological vulnerability to it may
result from personal conflicts or disputes with family members or friend

A

Conflict

52
Q

Another well-known physiological theory is the ________

A

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

53
Q

_______ is a stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between
incompatible or contradictory alternatives.

A

Conflict

54
Q

In ____________ a person is both
attracted and repelled by the same goal object. Here the goal object will have both
positive and negative valences

A

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

55
Q

There are a lot of causes that may lead to depression. Identify the statement provide below:
Sadness or grief after the death or loss of a loved one, though
natural, can increase the risk of depression.

A

Death or a loss

56
Q

______may have been initiated in the past (like childhood
abuse or trauma resulting from combat experiences) but continue to affect the
immune system distant stressors have long-lasting effects on emotional and mental
health

A

Distant stress

57
Q

This example is one of the sources of frustration, identify the example given below:
such as: obstacles through the restriction imposed by other
people and customs and laws social being

A

Social circumstances

58
Q

it refers to the redirecting of aggression to a target other
than the actual source of one’s frustration

A

Displaced aggression

59
Q

There are a lot of coping mechanism. Identify what kind of coping mechanism is provided below:
A person who failed in math excelled in english people who are not
intellectually gifted may turn their attention to social skills

A

Compensation

60
Q

There are a lot of coping mechanism. Identify what kind of coping mechanism is provided below :
Example: A person fails to get a good enough results to get into a chosen
university and then says that he/she didn’t want to go there anyway.

A

Rationalization

61
Q

There are a lot of coping mechanism. Identify what kind of coping mechanism is provided below:
Example: A self-made millionaire who grew up in poverty sets up charitable
foundation and gains great pleasure from how it helps others get out of the poverty trap.
she receives social accolade and public recognition for her good deeds gratefully

A

Altruism

62
Q

There are a lot of causes that may lead to depression. Identify the statement provide below:
Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse can make you more vulnerable to
depression later in life.

A

Abuse

63
Q

There are a lot of causes that may lead to depression. Identify the statement provided below:
People who are elderly are at higher risk of depression. That can be made
worse by other factors, such as living alone and having a lack of social support.

A

Age

64
Q

_____ body type is predisposed to build muscle, but not store fat. They tend to be
strong and solid, neither overweight nor underweight

A

Mesomorph

65
Q

American psychologist Henry Herbert Goddard published the book The _________

A

Kallikak family

66
Q

“Kallikak” is pseudonym derived from the Greek words Kallos which means?

A

Beauty

67
Q

He believed
that the origins of deviance were similar to the origins of fads and fashions, and
that his “three laws of imitation” can explain why people engage in crime

A

Gabriel Tarde

68
Q

______ also called serial killing, the unlawful homicide of at least two people
carried out by the same person (or persons) in separate events occurring at different
times

A

Serial Murderer

69
Q

_______ - Most serial killers, before moving to
human victims, start with animals. to be cruel to animals is it serves as a rehearsal
for killing human victims

A

Animal torture

70
Q

William H. Sheldon (1940) developed and Tested his classification system also
known as ______

A

Somatotyping

71
Q

______ biological theory of criminology suggests that criminality is
inherited and that someone “born criminal” could be identified by the way they look

A

Cesare Lombroso

72
Q

________, biological theory of criminology suggests that criminality is
inherited and that someone “born criminal” could be identified by the way they look

A

Human Intelligence

73
Q

He gave the theory of General emotionality.
According to him excess or a deficiency of a particular instinct account for the
tendency of many criminals to be weak willed or easily led

A

Cyrill Burt

74
Q

Who found that one English-language dictionary
contained more than 4,000 words describing different personality traits

A

Gordon Allport

75
Q

_______ is a measure of how energetic, sociable and friendly a
person is.

A

Extraversion

76
Q

Identify what kind of psychosexual stages is provide below:
This refers to the start of puberty and genital stage; there is renewed interest in
obtaining sexual pleasure through the genitals. Masturbation often becomes frequent anlead to orgasm for the first. Sexual and romantic interests in others also become a central
motive.

A

Genitals Stage

77
Q

Identify what stages in psychosexual stages is provided below:
This is the first psychosexual stage in which the infant’s source of id gratification is the
mouth. Infant gets pleasure from sucking and swallowing.

A

Oral Stage

78
Q

Allports has traits theory, identity what traits is provided below:
Allport suggested that the basic traits are rare and predominant
and usually develop in later years.

A

Cardinal traits

79
Q

He maintained that criminal behaviour is a symptom
of a more complex personality distortion; there is a conflict between ego and superego, as well as inability to control impulsive and pleasure seeking drives, because
these influence are rooted in early childhood and later reinforced through reaction
to familial and social stresses.

A

David abrahamsen

80
Q

Identify what kind of abnormal behavior is provided below:
The word abnormal means` away from the
norm’. Many population facts are measured such as height, weight and intelligence Most of the people fall within the middle range of intelligence, but a few are
abnormally stupid.

A

Deviation from Statistical Norm

81
Q

Identify what kind of abnormal behavior is provided below :
behavior can result when a person just does
not see a path to their desired future. This can happen with any chronic illness or
major lifestyle change.

A

Maladaptive Behavior

82
Q

Identify this symptoms of abnormal behavior
-This could be anything as simple as worrying about
a calculus test or grieving the death of a loved one

A

Long periods or discomfort

83
Q

Identity this symptoms of abnormal behavior
-This has no rational basis seems to indicate
that the individual is confused. The psychoses frequently results to hallucinations
(baseless sensory perceptions) or delusions (beliefs which are patently false yet
held as true by the individual

A

Bizzarre Behavior

84
Q

:_______ from sociological viewpoint is the persistent inability to adapt
oneself to the ordinary environment.

A

Mental Disorder

85
Q

Allports has traits theory, identity what traits is provided below: sometimes related to attitudes or
preferences. They often appear only in certain situations or under specific
circumstances. Some examples include public speaking anxiety or impatience while
waiting in line

A

Secondary traits

86
Q

Identify what kind of abnormal behavior is provided below:
Under this definition, a person is considered
abnormal if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life

A

Failure to function adequately

87
Q

Identify what kind of abnormal behavior is provided below:
Under this definition, rather than defining
what is abnormal, we define what normal/ideal is and anything that deviates from
this is regarded as abnormal

A

Deviation from ideal mental health

88
Q

Identify what kind symptoms of abnormal behavior is provided below:
Here, a distinction must be made between simply a
passing period of inefficiency and prolonged inefficiency which seems
unexplainable

A

Impaired functioning

89
Q

This statement is related to learning theories, identity what learning theories is provided below:
proposes that people learn values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for
criminal behavior through their interactions with others.

A

Differential Association Theory

90
Q

There are 3 classification of human behavior, identity what is provided below:
refers to demeanors which are resorted to in a regular basis it be
further characterized as: emotional and language

A

Habitual

91
Q

There are 3 classification of human behavior, identity what is provided below:
refers to two or more habitual behavior which occurs in one situation

A

Complex

92
Q

There are 3 classification of human behavior, identity what is provided below:
are human conduct, which is unlearned and inherent, said to be
present at birth of a person, and significantly influenced by heredity

A

Instinctive

93
Q

One of the pioneers ofhuman behavior and hid/her theory of cognitive development suggests
that intelligence changes as children grow. A child’s cognitive development is not

A

Jean Piaget

94
Q

the ________ develops during the phallic stage as a
result of the moral constraints placed on us by our parent

A

Super ego

95
Q

One of the pioneers of human behavior and he -was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a
method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior

A

Sigmund freud

96
Q

One of the pioneers of human behavior and he proposed that children learn from consequences of
behaviour. Skinner proposes the use of reinforcements to encourage desirable
behaviour and to discourage negative behaviour in children

A

B.F skinner

97
Q

Identify what kind of psychosexual stages is provided below:
Sexual interest is relatively inactive in this stage. Sexual energy is going through the
process of sublimation and is being converted into interest in schoolwork, riding bicycles
playing house and sport

A

Latency Stage

98
Q

Identify what kind of psychosexual stages is provided below:
Genitals become primary source of pleasure. The child’s erotic pleasure focuses on
masturbation that is, on self-manipulation of the guuenitals.

A

Phallic Stage

99
Q

Identify what kind of abnormal behavior is provided below:
Every culture has certain standards for acceptable
behavior; behavior that deviates from the standard is considered to be abnormal
behavior. But those standards can change with time and vary from one society to
another.

A

Deviation from social norm

100
Q

Formerly knowns as Mental Retardation. It is characterized by below-average
intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living.
People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them
more slowly

A

Intellectual Disability

Human Behavior and Victimology (2 decks)

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