Human Behavior Flashcards
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological Needs Safety and Security Love and Belongingness Self-Esteem Self-Actualization
Defense Mechanisms
Repression Denial Compensation Projection Rationalization Reaction Formation Fantasy Displacement
Normal Reactions to Stress
Heart quickens
Respond rapidly and exactly within limits
Abnormal Reactions to Stress
Extreme overcooperation
Inappropriate laughter or singing
Rapid changes in emotions
Behaviorism (Learning Theory)
- Based on observable and measurable responses to stimuli
- System of rewards and punishments
Cognitive Learning Theory
-Looks at what is going on in the brain
Higher Order Thinking Skills (ADM)
- Analysis
- Synthesis
- Evaluation
Perceptions
- All learning starts from perceptions
- Sight 75%, Hearing 13%
- Person must give meaning to sensations
Factors Affecting Perception
- Physical Organism
- Goals and Values
- Self Concept
- Time and Opportunity
- Element of Threat
Insights
- grouping of perceptions into meaningful whiles
- proper instruction speeds this process
- anchors down material learned
Levels of Learning
Rote- ability to repeat back
Understanding-how or why
Application-ability to apply what student understands
Correlation-apply learning to new and different situations
Laws of Learning
REEPIR
- Readiness
- Exercise
- Effect
- Primacy
- Intensity
- Recency
Domains of Learning
- Cognitive (thinking)
- Affective (feeling)
- Psycomotor (doing)
Characteristics of Learning
- purposeful
- result from experience
- multifaceted
- active process
Acquiring Skill Knowledge
- cognitive (factual knowledge)
- associative (practice)
- automatic response (byproduct of practice)
Types of Practice
Deliberate: lessons without distractions
Blocked: skills grouped together
Random: best long term results
Student’s Attention
Distraction
Interruption
Fixation
Inattention
Errors: Slip
-plans to do one thing and then does another
-errors of action, neglect to do something
time pressure can be source
Errors: Mistake
- person plans/prepares to do the wrong thing and is successful
- errors of thought
Reducing Errors
- learning and practicing
- taking time
- checking for errors
- using reminders
- developing routines
- raising awareness
- error recovery
Memory: Forgetting
- Retrieval Failure (tip of tongue)
- Fading
- Interference
- Repression or Suppression
Memory: Retention
- repetition
- praise
- association
- favorable attitudes
- using all senses
- mnemonics
Transfer of Learning
- positive transfer (learning A helps B)
- negative transfer (learning A hurts B)
Barriers to Communication
- lack of common experience
- confusion between symbol and symbolized object
- overuse of abstractions
- interference
- physiological
- environmental
- psychological
