Human And Economic Geography Flashcards
1
Q
A
2
Q
A
3
Q
Can coal-based thermal power plants in India use seawater?
A
Yes, there are exceptions like the Mundra plant which uses desalinated seawater.
4
Q
Where are over half of India’s existing coal power plants located concerning water availability?
A
In areas experiencing high water stress.
5
Q
Are all coal-based thermal power plants in India state-owned?
A
No, many are privately owned, such as the Mundra plant (Adani Power) and Essar power plant in Salaya.
6
Q
Approximately what percentage of the world’s uranium does India produce?
A
About 2 percent.
7
Q
What is the primary source of energy in India, accounting for about 50% of needs?
A
Coal.
8
Q
What level of Uranium-235 (U-235) enrichment is typically needed for fuel in commercial nuclear power plants?
A
3-5% concentration of U-235.
9
Q
What level of U-235 enrichment defines weapons-grade uranium?
A
90% enriched or more.
10
Q
What is the North-South Corridor of the NS-EW highway project, and what does it connect?
A
A 4,000 km corridor connecting Srinagar with Kanyakumari/Kochi.
11
Q
What is the East-West Corridor of the NS-EW highway project, and what does it connect?
A
A 3,300 km corridor connecting Porbandar (Gujarat) with Silchar (Assam).
12
Q
Which international highway project connects Moreh (India) with Mae Sot (Thailand) via Myanmar?
A
India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway.
13
Q
Which proposed economic corridor aims to connect Kolkata (India) with Kunming (China) via Bangladesh and Myanmar?
A
Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor.
14
Q
What are the principal ore minerals for titanium?
A
Ilmenite and Rutile.
Titanium claws
“Letme tell” you “running if futile”
15
Q
Where are major beach sand deposits containing Ilmenite and Rutile found in India?
A
Coasts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Orissa.
16
Q
Which country is the world’s largest producer of cobalt, accounting for roughly 70%?
A
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
17
Q
What is a primary use of cobalt that is driving demand?
A
Manufacture of batteries for electric motor vehicles.
18
Q
What status does Kamarajar Port (north of Chennai) hold?
A
12th major port of India and the first port in India to be a public company (corporate port).
19
Q
What is the status of Mundra Port in Gujarat?
A
Largest privately owned port in India.
20
Q
Which port, also known as Nhava Sheva, is the largest container port in India?
A
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT).
21
Q
Raja Lakhamagouda dam (Hidkal dam) in Karnataka is constructed across which river?
A
Ghataprabha River.
22
Q
Gandhisagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh is constructed on which river?
A
Chambal River.
23
Q
Indira Sagar Dam, the largest in India by water volume stored, is located on which river in Madhya Pradesh?
A
Narmada River.
24
Q
Maithon Dam in Jharkhand is located on the banks of which river?
A
Barakar River.
25
Name the major tea-producing states in India mentioned in the text.
West Bengal, Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tripura.
26
Kangra district, known for its distinct flavoured tea, is in which state?
Himachal Pradesh.
27
What is Monazite?
A reddish-brown phosphate mineral containing rare-earth elements like Thorium, Lanthanum, and Cerium.
28
Where is Monazite sand predominantly found in India?
Coastal states: Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha.
29
Which government department handles minerals containing significant rare earth elements like Thorium in India?
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), often via Indian Rare Earths Ltd. (IREL).
30
Name the countries that border the landlocked country of Afghanistan.
Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.
31
Which crop among Sugarcane, Sunflower, Pearl Millet, and Red Gram has the highest water requirement per season?
Sugarcane (1800-2200 mm/season).
32
Halbi language is spoken by tribes in which region of India?
Central India.
33
Ho language, written in Warang Chiti script, is native to tribal people primarily in which two states?
Odisha and Jharkhand.
34
Kui language, written in Odia script, is predominantly spoken by which tribal group in Odisha?
Kandhas.
35
Is Bentonite classified as a Major or Minor Mineral in India?
Minor Mineral (as per 2015 notification).
36
Are Chromite, Kyanite, and Sillimanite classified as Major or Minor Minerals in India?
Major Minerals.
37
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38
Under which Act was the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) constituted in India?
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
39
What is the role of the CGWA?
To regulate and control the development and management of groundwater resources in India.
40
What is India's rank globally in groundwater usage?
Largest user in the world.
41
Approximately what percentage of global groundwater extraction does India account for?
About 25%.
42
What percentage of irrigated agriculture in India is dependent on groundwater?
More than 60%.
43
What percentage of drinking water supplies in India are dependent on groundwater?
0.85
44
Can black gram be cultivated as both a Kharif and a Rabi crop?
Yes.
45
What is the primary origin region of the Green gram (mung bean)?
India.
46
Which season (Kharif or Rabi) contributes more to the total pulse production in India?
Rabi pulses contribute more than 60%.
47
What kind of soil is particularly suitable for cotton growth in India?
Drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau.
48
What are the climatic requirements for cotton cultivation?
High temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days, and bright sunshine.
49
Is cotton primarily a Kharif or Rabi crop in India?
Kharif crop.
50
Which river flows through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam before emptying into the South China Sea?
Mekong River.
51
Which river, the longest in England, flows through London and Oxford before emptying into the North Sea?
River Thames.
52
Which river, the longest in Europe, flows through Russia and empties into the Caspian Sea?
Volga River.
53
Which river is the fourth-longest in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa?
Zambezi River.
54
What are the criteria for identifying Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India?
Pre-agricultural technology, low literacy, economic backwardness, declining or stagnant population.
55
How many PVTGs have been identified in India?
75
56
Name two PVTGs mentioned in the text, one from Tamil Nadu and one from Telangana.
Irular (Tamil Nadu) and Konda Reddi (Telangana).
57
Which Indian state had the highest percentage of agricultural households among its rural households according to the report cited?
Rajasthan (78.4%).
58
Which Indian state accounted for roughly 20% of all agricultural households in the country (highest absolute number)?
Uttar Pradesh.
59
In which major state did the majority (~61%) of agricultural households report earning most income from non-agricultural sources?
Kerala.
60
According to the 2018 FAO report cited, which four countries faced the largest food crises?
Yemen, Nigeria, South Sudan, and Somalia.
61
What does the "two-state solution" refer to in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
An arrangement establishing an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel.
62
As per the MMDR Amendment Act, 2015, who auctions non-coal mines in India?
The respective state governments.
63
Which Indian state has the largest resources of primary gold ore?
Bihar (44%).
64
Name some districts in Rajasthan where Iron-Ore deposits are located.
Jaipur, Udaipur, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Bhilwara, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dausa, Banswara.
65
Which body implements the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) in India?
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), Ministry of Commerce & Industries.
66
Which is India's first fully organic state?
Sikkim.
67
The Pattiseema lift irrigation scheme links which two rivers in Andhra Pradesh?
Godavari and Krishna.
68
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69
Where are the Kurdish people primarily indigenous to?
Mesopotamian plains and highlands (SE Turkey, NE Syria, N Iraq, NW Iran, SW Armenia).
70
The Madhesi people, historically part of the Mithila region, are associated with which country?
Nepal.
71
The Rohingya people, one of the largest stateless populations, are originally from which country?
Myanmar (Rakhine state).
72
What is shale gas?
Natural gas found trapped in microscopic pores within shale deposits, formed from decomposed organic matter.
73
In which geological basins are shale gas resources found in India?
Cambay, Gondwana, Krishna Godavari, and Cauvery basins.
74
Name the six languages currently recognised as 'Classical Languages' in India.
Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
75
What are the key criteria for declaring a language as 'Classical' in India?
High antiquity (1500-2000 yrs), valuable ancient literature, original literary tradition, distinct from modern form/offshoots.
76
Which National Highway (NH) connects Thane to Chennai via Pune and Bangalore?
NH 4.
77
Which National Highway (NH) connects Pathankot to Kandla via Ganganagar and Jaisalmer?
NH 15.
78
Kinnaur district in Himachal Pradesh is famous for cultivating which fruit?
Apples.
79
Name the top three Soybean growing states in India.
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.
80
The 'Changpa' community, known for rearing Pashmina goats, mainly lives in which region?
Zaskar region of Ladakh (formerly listed as J&K).
81
When did Kashmiri Pashmina receive the Geographical Indication (GI) tag?
2013
82
Which tribes of Madhya Pradesh celebrate 'Hari Jiroti' by planting saplings?
Gond and Korku tribes.
83
Does India have a National Seeds Policy?
Yes, established in 2002.
84
Is there a demand-supply gap for quality seeds in India for low-value, high-volume crops?
Yes, partly because farmers often use their own preserved seeds for these crops.
85
What does 'demographic dividend' refer to?
An economy's growth resulting from a shift in the age structure of its population (typically more working-age people).
86
What should India promote to obtain the full benefits of its demographic dividend?
Skill Development.
87
Which industry is the biggest user of water among all industries in India?
Thermal power plants.
88
Which industries follow thermal power plants in terms of water usage?
Engineering, pulp & paper, and textiles industries.
89
The Limboo (Limbu) people are indigenous to which Himalayan region?
Limbuwan region (Eastern Nepal, Northern Sikkim, Western Bhutan).
90
The Karbi people (mentioned as Mikirs in Constitution Order) are an important ethnic group in which state?
Assam (hill areas).
91
The Dongria Kondh tribe is associated with which hill range in Odisha?
Niyamgiri hill range.
92
The Bonda tribal people primarily live in the hills of which district in Odisha?
Malkangiri district.
93
What is a steppe?
A dry, grassy plain found in temperate, semi-arid climates.
94
What type of vegetation characterizes steppes?
Short grasses, generally not taller than half a meter, with insufficient rainfall for tall grasses or trees.
95
How does the ash content of Indian coal generally compare to imported coal?
Indian coal has higher ash content (25-45%) compared to imported coal (10-20%).
96
What is the typical sulphur content of Indian coal?
Low, about 0.5 percent.
97
Name three crops mentioned that can be used as Green Manure, Pulse, and Fodder.
Cowpea, Horse gram, and Green gram.
98
What is mixed farming?
A type of farming involving the raising of livestock and cultivation of crops together.
99
Describe the typical birth and death rates in the initial stage of demographic transition.
High birth rates and high death rates.
100
Describe the typical birth and death rates in the final stage of demographic transition.
Low birth rates and low death rates.
101
Why has there been concern over the supply of 'rare earth metals'?
Because China, the largest producer, imposed some export restrictions.
102
Besides China, name other countries with major rare earth metal reserves.
Australia, Canada, Chile, Vietnam, Brazil, Russia.
103
Why does India import coal, especially coking coal?
Mainly to compensate for the lack of sufficient domestic reserves of good quality coking coal, essential for steel production.
104
Approximately what percentage of India's total net sown area comes under rainfed lands?
About 60%.
105
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106
Name some major rainfed cereal crops grown in India.
Sorghum, Pearl Millet (Bajra), Finger Millet (Ragi).
107
Which crops, besides cereals, are mentioned as primarily rainfed in India?
Groundnuts, Sesamum.
108
Orchids are native to which type of climate?
Tropical climates.
109
In which region of India can cultivated orchids be found in abundance?
Northeast India (specifically mentioning Assam and Arunachal Pradesh).
110
Brent Crude Oil is extracted from which sea region?
North Sea (near Norway and the UK).
111
Does Brent Crude typically have a high or low percentage of sulphur?
High percentage of sulphur.
112
What is the demographic dividend?
A population age structure where the working-age population (15-64 years) is greater than the non-working-age share.
113
What was India's approximate median age as cited in the text?
Less than 29 years.
114
Which Indian state has the largest reserves/resources of copper ore (e.g., Khetri Mine)?
Rajasthan.
115
Which Indian state has the largest share of nickel ore resources?
Odisha.
116
Which Indian state has the largest resources of tungsten-bearing minerals?
Karnataka.
117
Which Ministry formulated the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007?
Ministry of Rural Development.
118
What is the definition of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?
The probability of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching the age of one.
119
How is IMR typically expressed?
As a rate per 1000 live births.
120
Dadaab Refugee Camp is located in which country?
Kenya.
121
According to the 2011 Census data provided, which language is spoken by the most people in India after Hindi?
Bengali.
122
List the languages Bengali, Malayalam, Telugu, and Tamil in descending order of number of speakers (as per 2011 data).
Bengali > Telugu > Tamil > Malayalam.
123
Omkareshwar hydro power project is located on which river basin in Madhya Pradesh?
Narmada river/basin.
124
Chikmagalur in Karnataka is often referred to as the 'coffee land' of the state. Is it famous for sugar production?
No, it is famous for coffee. (Mandya is famous for sugar).
125
The Tapovan-Vishnugarh hydro power project is being constructed on which river in Uttarakhand?
Dhauliganga River.
126
Which is the only tin-producing state in India?
Chhattisgarh.
127
What is the ore of tin called?
Cassiterite.
Tin caise hai tight
128
Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand is built on which river?
Bhagirathi River.
129
The Damanganga water project is located primarily in which state?
Gujarat (though the river flows through Maharashtra and Gujarat).
130
Girna Dam is located on the Girna river in which state?
Maharashtra (Nashik district).
131
Pamba Dam is located on the Pamba river in which state?
Kerala (Pathanamthitta district).
132
What was the medium-term objective of the National Population Policy (NPP), 2000 regarding Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
To reduce TFR to replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) by 2010.
133
What is the long-term objective of the NPP, 2000?
To achieve a stable population by 2045.
134
According to the 2011 census data cited, which state had the lowest population density?
Arunachal Pradesh.
135
Name three minerals commonly found in the beach sands of Kollam district, Kerala, often used in electronics manufacturing.
Ilmenite, Zircon, and Sillimanite.
136
Which mineral mentioned is not typically found in the beach sands of Kerala?
Tungsten.
137
Mon district in Nagaland is home to which Naga ethnic group, famous for tattooed faces?
Konyak Nagas.
138
Pasighat, the headquarters of East Siang district, is located in which state?
Arunachal Pradesh.
139
Tura, a cultural and administrative center for its tribe, is located in which state?
Meghalaya (West Garo Hills district).
140
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141
What percentage of India's total population is constituted by the Tribal population?
8.6%.
142
Which states hold the majority of India's tribal population (as listed in the text)?
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Gujarat, and Bihar are mentioned as states with majority populations.
143
Does the Constitution of India explicitly define 'Scheduled Tribe'?
No, but Article 366(25) refers to tribes deemed under Article 342.
144
The Toda tribal group resides in the higher altitudes of which hills?
Nilgiri hills.
145
The Lotha language, a Sino-Tibetan language, is spoken primarily in which district of Nagaland?
Wokha district.
146
Why do soils in tropical rainforests often require chemical fertilizers for crop cultivation despite high productivity?
Because continuous rainfall causes leaching of minerals, and high temperatures lead to rapid decomposition of humus by bacteria.
147
Arrange the following states by area, from largest to smallest: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.
Gujarat > Karnataka > Andhra Pradesh > Tamil Nadu.
148
India is believed to be the original home of which major fibre crop?
Cotton.
149
Which country was the first to develop hybrid cotton?
India (in 1970).
150
What is the currency of Seychelles?
Seychelles Rupee (also called Roupi or Roupie).
151
How do high tides aid navigation?
They raise the water level close to shores, helping ships arrive at harbour more easily.
152
How do high tides help fishing?
Many more fish come closer to the shore during high tide.
153
How do tides help in maintaining river harbours?
They take away terrigenous material brought by rivers, helping prevent siltation.
154
Name two major tidal ports in India mentioned in the text.
Diamond Harbour (Hooghly River) and Kandla Port (Gulf of Kutch).
155
The Korba tribe is primarily associated with which Indian state?
Jharkhand (believed to have migrated from Madhya Pradesh).
156
Which industrial process breaks down complex organic molecules (like crude oil) into simpler ones?
Cracking (used in petroleum refining).
157
Which process uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to extract a metal (like Copper) from its ore?
Smelting.
158
Which process adds hydrogen to liquid oils to make them more solid, used in the food industry?
Hydrogenation.
159
Which chemical process involves heating rubber with sulphur to improve its properties like elasticity and strength?
Vulcanization.
160
Which port in Brazil is known as the 'Coffee port of the world'?
Port of Santos.
161
The Ravva oil and gas field is located in which basin on India's eastern coast?
Krishna-Godavari basin.
162
Which state-owned company discovered the Ravva field in 1987?
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).
163
Cupressus lusitanica, also known as Mexican Cedar or Cedar-of-Goa, is native to which region?
Mexico and Central America.
164
Which type of coal contains over 90% carbon, is known as hard coal, and is smokeless?
Anthracite coal.
165
What coastal area, extending from Tuticorin to Comorin, is known as the Pearl Fishery Coast?
A coastal area of southern India along the Coromandel Coast.
166
Which city is mentioned as the leading centre for the automobile sector in India?
Pune.
167
Which port city is famous for shipbuilding?
Marmagao.
168
Which town is popular for the manufacturing of engineering goods?
Pinjore.
169
What factors contribute to Kerala's relatively high Human Development Index (HDI)?
High literacy rate, more urban population, more developed economy, and comparatively lower birth rate.
170
The Misings people of Assam are also known by which name used by plains people?
Miri.
171
The Konyak ethnic group primarily inhabits which district of Nagaland?
Mon District.
172
The Apatani tribal group, known for intricate handloom and bamboo crafts, lives in which valley in Arunachal Pradesh?
Ziro valley (Lower Subansiri district).
173
The Banjara (or Lambadi) people are a historically nomadic trading caste who may have origins in which region of India?
Mewar region (Rajasthan).
