Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 (1st half of slide)

Question 1

What is Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of structure/gross or microscopic

Question 2

What is Physiology

Answer 2

Study of the function of the body/subdivisions based on organ systems

Question 3

Necessary Life Functions

Answer 3

The purpose of the body is to perform these functions* Maintaining boundaries* Movement* Responsiveness* Digestion* Metabolism* Dispose of wastes* Reproduction* Growth

Question 4

Interdependence of body cells

Answer 4

Humans are multicellular* Body functions spread among different organ systems* Organ systems cooperate to maintain life, including* Intake of nutrients* Intake of oxygen* Water balance* Body temperature

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

Maintain stable internal conditions within a changing environment

Question 6

Control mechanisms of homeostasis

Answer 6

Continuous monitoring and regulation* Function of nervous and endocrine systems* via nerve impulses and hormones

Question 7

Negative feedback

Answer 7

Most common mechanism in body
Response reduces or shuts off original stimulus

Question 8

Negative feedback (examples)

Answer 8

Body temperature* Blood volume by ADH* Blood glucose levels

Question 9

Positive feedback

Answer 9

Response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus* Cascade or amplifying effect* Usually controls infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustment* Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin* Platelet plug formation and blood clotting* Disease typically trigger positive feedback mechanisms

Question 10

Homeostatic imbalance

Answer 10

Disturbance of homeostasis* Increases risk of disease* Associated with aging* Control systems less efficient* Negative feedback mechanisms overwhelmed

Question 11

Anatomical Variability

Answer 11

Humans differ externally and internally* 90% of all structures in body match description in textbook* Nerve or blood vessel may be out of place* Small muscle may be missing* Extreme variations inconsistent with life

Question 12

Anatomical position

Answer 12

Standard anatomical body position* Body erect* Feet slightly apart* Palms facing forward* Thumbs point away from body* Always use directional terms as if body is in anatomical position* Right and left refer to body being viewed, not those of observer