Human Anatomy: Introduction Flashcards
Where does the word “anatomy” come from?
It comes from the Greek word anatome meaning “dissection” or “to cut apart”
What is “anatomical position”?
Refers to a person standing erect with the head, eyes, and palms forward. The feet are together with the toes pointing forward and the arms are hanging by the sides
What are the structural levels in the body?
The cells, tissues, organs, and systems
What is “connective tissue”?
The tissue that binds together and supports various structures of the body. Ligaments and tendons are examples
How are organs formed?
By combining two or more tissues to serve as a specialized physiologic center for the body. The stomach is an example
What is “epithelial tissue”?
A tissue that lines various body cavities
What is “digestion”?
The process of breaking down food into small enough units for absorption
What is “absorption”?
The uptake of nutrients across a tissue or membrane by the gastrointestinal tract
What is the “esophagus”?
The food pipe; the conduit from the mouth to the stomach
What are the systems in the body that fitness professionals should know?
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, skeletal, nervous, muscular, and endocrine
Anterior (ventral)
Toward the front
Posterior (dorsal)
Toward the back
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Away from the head
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Toward the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body
Distal
Away from the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body
Superficial
External; located close to or on the body surface
Deep
Internal; located further beneath the body surface that the superficial structures
Cervical
A regional term referring to the neck
Thoracic
A regional term referring to the portion of the body between the neck and the abdomen; aka the chest
Lumbar
A regional term referring to the portion of the back between the abdomen and the pelvis
Plantar
The sole or bottom of the feet
Dorsal
The top surface of the feet and hands
Palmar
The anterior or ventral surface of the hands
Sagittal plane
A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections
Frontal plane
A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; lies at a right angle to the sagittal plane
Transverse place
A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into superior and inferior sections; aka the horizontal plane
arthro
joint
bi
two
brachium
arm
cardio
heart
cephalo
head
chondro
cartilage
costo
rib
dermo
skin
hemo, hemat
blood
ilio
ilium
myo
muscle
os, osteo
bone
pulmo
lung
thoraco
chest
tri
three
