Human Anatomy Final Exam

Question 1

How to find Max HR?

Answer 1

220-Age

Question 2

How many gallons of blood in the body?

Answer 2

6 gallons of blood

Question 3

What is the average Heart Rate?

Answer 3

70 b/min

Question 4

Where is the heart positioned?

Answer 4

Slightly to the left, behind the sternum

Question 5

How big is a human heart?

Answer 5

Little larger than a fist, weighs less than a pound

Question 6

What are the four chamber of the heart?

Answer 6

Right Atria
Left Atria
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

Question 7

Pulmonary vs Systemic

Answer 7

Right side= Pulmonary
Left side= Systemic

Question 8

What do the valves do?

Answer 8

Prevents backflow (one way only), maintains pressure

Question 9

Sinoatrial (SA) nodes- Pacemaker

Answer 9

An action that goes throughout the atria in the intercalated disc

Question 10

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 10

Empty the blood from the ventricles

Question 11

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 11

Ventricle to contract

Question 12

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 12

Records electrical changes

Question 13

PQRST waves

Answer 13

P- Atrial Depolarization (SA nodes)
QRS= Onset of ventricular depolarization
T= Ventricular repolarization

Question 14

What is the regular blood pressure?

Answer 14

120/80 (men) 110/70 (women)

Question 15

What is the Cardiac Cycle

Answer 15

-Systole- contraction (top number)
-Ventricle filling the time between
-Diastole- relaxation (bottom number)

Question 16

What is the first heart sound ?

Answer 16

1st Sound (lubb)- closing of the atrioventricular valve

Question 17

What is the second heart sound?

Answer 17

2nd sound (dupp)- closing of the semilunar valves

Question 18

What is Cardiac Output

Answer 18

Q= SV (stroke volume) X HR (heart rate)
-The amount of blood that is pumped during a period of time

Question 19

What are the functions of the muscle tissue?

Answer 19

-Movement
-Stabilization
-Storing and moving substances
-Heat

Question 20

Electrical excitability

Answer 20

a voltage stimulation trigger a contraction response

Question 21

Contract

Answer 21

Shortening

Question 22

Extensibility

Answer 22

ability to stretch or lengthen

Question 23

Elasticity

Answer 23

ability to return to normal shape after being stretched

Question 24

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 24

Heart muscle cells

Question 25

Cardiac Muscle Properties

Answer 25

Straited, Rhythmic, Involuntary, Interlocked, and Highly vascularized

Question 26

Smooth Muscle

Answer 26

internal organ cell (digestive)

Question 27

Smooth Muscle Properties

Answer 27

Visceral, non-straited, most involuntary, and contractions

Question 28

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 28

functions to move an organism’s body.

Question 29

Skeletal Muscle Properties

Answer 29

Straited, Multi-nucleated, Nuclei, Myofibrils, Sarcolemma, Fascia

Question 30

Isotonic

Answer 30

A contraction with joint movement

Question 31

Isometric

Answer 31

A contraction with no joint movement

Question 32

Types of muscle fibers

Answer 32

Type I (red) slow twitch White fast twitch (llb) Intermediate (lla)

Question 33

Type I (red) slow twitch

Answer 33

Dark, long acting, slow contracting, oxygen rich, generates ATP, and many mitochondria.

Question 34

White fast twitch (llb)

Answer 34

Large, pale, anaerobic, slow acting/fast contracting, and few mitochondria

Question 35

Intermediate (lla)

Answer 35

Slow, large amount of myoglobin/many capillaries/dark red, many mitochondria, and Use ATP fast.

Question 36

Where are the fiber types located?

Answer 36

Neck- Slow twitch Shoulder- fast twitch Legs- Mixture of slow, fast and intermediate.

Question 37

Epimysium

Answer 37

An outer sheath surrounding the entire muscle

Question 38

Perimysium

Answer 38

A sheath surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers

Question 39

Endomysium

Answer 39

A sheath surrounding each single muscle fiber

Question 40

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Answer 40

Encircles the myofibril

Question 41

Motor Unit

Answer 41

The motor neuron and all the muscles fibers it innervates

Question 42

What is a slide filament?

Answer 42

The mechanism of the muscle contractions where the protein filaments slide to generate the shorten/movement.

Question 43

Myosin

Answer 43

A thick filament that it head attaches to actin (thin/twisted filament) and pulls the sarcomere together

Question 44

Troponin

Answer 44

What calcium binds to move the tropomyosin

Question 45

Tropomyosin

Answer 45

Covers the myosin

Question 46

What systems are apart of the Muscular System?

Answer 46

Respiratory System and Cardiovascular System

Question 47

Respiratiory System

Answer 47

Oxygen is needed for the muscles to work

Question 48

Cardiovascular System

Answer 48

Heart pumps the blood with nutrients and oxygen

Question 49

What percent of the bodies weight is muscle?

Answer 49

More than 40%

Question 50

What muscle remains contacted the longest?

Answer 50

The cardiac muscle

Question 51

What percent of muscle contracted does it shorten the normal length?

Answer 51

About 70%

Question 52

Muscle Bellies

Answer 52

Main portion between tendons (contraction)

Question 53

Tendon

Answer 53

At the end of muscle, attach to the bone

Question 54

Fascia

Answer 54

Encloses and separates muscle from skin

Question 55

Are muscle covered by fascia?

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Muscle Fibers

Answer 56

Long Cylinder cell

Question 57

Motor Neuron

Answer 57

Extended from spinal cord, sends message to have muscle contract. -Single neuron innervates many fibers -Small (20-30 fibers) -Large (700 fibers)

Question 58

Motor Endplates

Answer 58

Neurons send impulse across motor endplates, find the neuron at the center of each muscle fiber

Question 59

Origin

Answer 59

Where the tendon of the muscle starts. The attachment of the muscle tendon to the stationary bone

Question 60

Insertion

Answer 60

Where the tendon of a muscle ends. The attachment of the muscle other tendon to the moveable bone

Question 61

Agonist

Answer 61

The muscle shortening or contracting

Question 62

Antagonist

Answer 62

The muscle that is lengthening

Question 63

Synergist

Answer 63

(assisting) muscles that help in the contraction

Question 64

Stabilizers

Answer 64

(at the proximal position) anchors the joint

Question 65

DOMS

Answer 65

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Question 66

Benefits of stretching

Answer 66

1. Improve physical performance 2. Decrease risk of injury 3. Reduces muscle soreness 4. Improved posture-

Question 67

Do muscles work as levers?

Answer 67

True

Question 68

1st lever

Answer 68

Teeter Totter (head movements)

Question 69

2nd lever

Answer 69

Wheelbarrow (calf raise)

Question 70

3rd Lever

Answer 70

Fishing pole (arm curl)

Question 71

Hypertrophy

Answer 71

Increase size of muscle fiber

Question 72

Hyperplasia

Answer 72

An increase in the number of fibers

Question 73

Atrophy

Answer 73

Decrease in size of muscle fiber

Question 74

Parallel

Answer 74

Long with parallel fiber

Question 75

Triangular

Answer 75

Shape, fibers come together at insertion

Question 76

Unipennate

Answer 76

Fibers along one side of tendon

Question 77

Multipennate

Answer 77

Short fibers

Question 78

Sphincteral

Answer 78

Circular, parallel fibers