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Human Anatomy > Human Anatomy Final Exam > Flashcards

Human Anatomy Final Exam Flashcards

HHP- Juday's Human Anatomy

1
Q

How to find Max HR?

A

220-Age

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2
Q

How many gallons of blood in the body?

A

6 gallons of blood

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3
Q

What is the average Heart Rate?

A

70 b/min

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4
Q

Where is the heart positioned?

A

Slightly to the left, behind the sternum

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5
Q

How big is a human heart?

A

Little larger than a fist, weighs less than a pound

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6
Q

What are the four chamber of the heart?

A

Right Atria
Left Atria
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

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7
Q

Pulmonary vs Systemic

A

Right side= Pulmonary
Left side= Systemic

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8
Q

What do the valves do?

A

Prevents backflow (one way only), maintains pressure

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9
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) nodes- Pacemaker

A

An action that goes throughout the atria in the intercalated disc

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10
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

Empty the blood from the ventricles

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11
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Ventricle to contract

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12
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

Records electrical changes

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13
Q

PQRST waves

A

P- Atrial Depolarization (SA nodes)
QRS= Onset of ventricular depolarization
T= Ventricular repolarization

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14
Q

What is the regular blood pressure?

A

120/80 (men) 110/70 (women)

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15
Q

What is the Cardiac Cycle

A

-Systole- contraction (top number)
-Ventricle filling the time between
-Diastole- relaxation (bottom number)

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16
Q

What is the first heart sound ?

A

1st Sound (lubb)- closing of the atrioventricular valve

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17
Q

What is the second heart sound?

A

2nd sound (dupp)- closing of the semilunar valves

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18
Q

What is Cardiac Output

A

Q= SV (stroke volume) X HR (heart rate)
-The amount of blood that is pumped during a period of time

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19
Q

What are the functions of the muscle tissue?

A

-Movement
-Stabilization
-Storing and moving substances
-Heat

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20
Q

Electrical excitability

A

a voltage stimulation trigger a contraction response

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21
Q

Contract

A

Shortening

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22
Q

Extensibility

A

ability to stretch or lengthen

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23
Q

Elasticity

A

ability to return to normal shape after being stretched

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24
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Heart muscle cells

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25
Q

Cardiac Muscle Properties

A

Straited, Rhythmic, Involuntary, Interlocked, and Highly vascularized

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26
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

internal organ cell (digestive)

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27
Q

Smooth Muscle Properties

A

Visceral, non-straited, most involuntary, and contractions

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28
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

functions to move an organism’s body.

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29
Q

Skeletal Muscle Properties

A

Straited, Multi-nucleated, Nuclei, Myofibrils, Sarcolemma, Fascia

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30
Q

Isotonic

A

A contraction with joint movement

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31
Q

Isometric

A

A contraction with no joint movement

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32
Q

Types of muscle fibers

A

Type I (red) slow twitch
White fast twitch (llb)
Intermediate (lla)

33
Q

Type I (red) slow twitch

A

Dark, long acting, slow contracting, oxygen rich, generates ATP, and many mitochondria.

34
Q

White fast twitch (llb)

A

Large, pale, anaerobic, slow acting/fast contracting, and few mitochondria

35
Q

Intermediate (lla)

A

Slow, large amount of myoglobin/many capillaries/dark red, many mitochondria, and Use ATP fast.

36
Q

Where are the fiber types located?

A

Neck- Slow twitch
Shoulder- fast twitch
Legs- Mixture of slow, fast and intermediate.

37
Q

Epimysium

A

An outer sheath surrounding the entire muscle

38
Q

Perimysium

A

A sheath surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers

39
Q

Endomysium

A

A sheath surrounding each single muscle fiber

40
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

A

Encircles the myofibril

41
Q

Motor Unit

A

The motor neuron and all the muscles fibers it innervates

42
Q

What is a slide filament?

A

The mechanism of the muscle contractions where the protein filaments slide to generate the shorten/movement.

43
Q

Myosin

A

A thick filament that it head attaches to actin (thin/twisted filament) and pulls the sarcomere together

44
Q

Troponin

A

What calcium binds to move the tropomyosin

45
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Covers the myosin

46
Q

What systems are apart of the Muscular System?

A

Respiratory System and Cardiovascular System

47
Q

Respiratiory System

A

Oxygen is needed for the muscles to work

48
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Heart pumps the blood with nutrients and oxygen

49
Q

What percent of the bodies weight is muscle?

A

More than 40%

50
Q

What muscle remains contacted the longest?

A

The cardiac muscle

51
Q

What percent of muscle contracted does it shorten the normal length?

A

About 70%

52
Q

Muscle Bellies

A

Main portion between tendons (contraction)

53
Q

Tendon

A

At the end of muscle, attach to the bone

54
Q

Fascia

A

Encloses and separates muscle from skin

55
Q

Are muscle covered by fascia?

A

True

56
Q

Muscle Fibers

A

Long Cylinder cell

57
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Extended from spinal cord, sends message to have muscle contract.
-Single neuron innervates many fibers
-Small (20-30 fibers)
-Large (700 fibers)

58
Q

Motor Endplates

A

Neurons send impulse across motor endplates, find the neuron at the center of each muscle fiber

59
Q

Origin

A

Where the tendon of the muscle starts. The attachment of the muscle tendon to the stationary bone

60
Q

Insertion

A

Where the tendon of a muscle ends. The attachment of the muscle other tendon to the moveable bone

61
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle shortening or contracting

62
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that is lengthening

63
Q

Synergist

A

(assisting) muscles that help in the contraction

64
Q

Stabilizers

A

(at the proximal position) anchors the joint

65
Q

DOMS

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

66
Q

Benefits of stretching

A
  1. Improve physical performance
  2. Decrease risk of injury
  3. Reduces muscle soreness
  4. Improved posture-
67
Q

Do muscles work as levers?

A

True

68
Q

1st lever

A

Teeter Totter (head movements)

69
Q

2nd lever

A

Wheelbarrow (calf raise)

70
Q

3rd Lever

A

Fishing pole (arm curl)

71
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase size of muscle fiber

72
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in the number of fibers

73
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size of muscle fiber

74
Q

Parallel

A

Long with parallel fiber

75
Q

Triangular

A

Shape, fibers come together at insertion

76
Q

Unipennate

A

Fibers along one side of tendon

77
Q

Multipennate

A

Short fibers

78
Q

Sphincteral

A

Circular, parallel fibers

Human Anatomy (1 decks)

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