human anat. terms Flashcards
anatomy
study of the structure of the body
physiology
study of how the body functions
anatomical position
body upright, head face forward, upper extremities are to the side, palms forward, feet flat
parasagittal =
unequal
midsagittal
equal
anatomical planes: transverse
horizontal
anatomical planes: sagittal
vertical
terms of direction: high/top
superior/cranial
terms of direction: low/bottom
inferior
front
anterior/ventral
back
posterior/caudal/dorsal
cranial
skull
caudal
bottom of spinal cord
upper extremities
proximal
lower extremities
distal
lateral
how far from body
medial
how close to the body (mid-line)
superficial
closer to the body surface
body cavities
dorsal (cranial, spinal)
ventral cavities
thoracic (pericardial, pleural)
abdominopelvic
abdomen, pelvic
diaghram
breathing/muscle
mediastinum
trachea, esophagus, major vessels
visceral
touching organ
air space
actual cavity
parietial
contact with body wall
visceral
contact with organs
abdominal pelvic quadrants: right upper
gallbladder
abdominal pelvic quadrants: right lower
appendix
abdominal pelvic quadrants: left upper
spleen/stomach
abdominal pelvic quadrants: left lower
urinary bladder
abdominal pelvic regions: right upper
hypochondriac
abdominal pelvic regions: right mid
lumbar
abdominal pelvic regions: right lower
inguinal/groin
abdominal pelvic regions: middle upper
epigastric
abdominal pelvic regions: middle
umbilical
abdominal pelvic regions: middle lower
hypogastric
abdominal pelvic regions: left upper
hypochondriac
abdominal pelvic regions: left middle
lumbar
abdominal pelvic regions: left lower
inguinal
general anatomical terms (front): forehead
prons/frontal
general anatomical terms (front): skull
cranium/cranial
general anatomical terms (front): eye
oculus/ocular/orbital
general anatomical terms (front): cheek
bucca/buccal
general anatomical terms (front): face
facies/facial
general anatomical terms (front): ear
otic/auris
general anatomical terms (front): nose
nasus/nasal
general anatomical terms (front): mouth
oral/oris
general anatomical terms (front): chin
mentis/mental
general anatomical terms (front): armpit
axilla/axillary
general anatomical terms (front): upper arm/bicep
brachium/brachial
general anatomical terms (front): front of elbow
antecubital/antecubitis
general anatomical terms (front): forearm
antebrachium/antebrachial
general anatomical terms (front): wrist
carpal/carpus
general anatomical terms (front): palm
palma/palmar
general anatomical terms (front): fingers
digits/phalanges
general anatomical terms (front): thumb
pollex/pollicis
general anatomical terms (front): neck
cervicis/cervical
general anatomical terms (front): thorax
thoreis/thoratic
general anatomical terms (front): breast
mamma/mamary
general anatomical terms (front): abdominal
abdomen
general anatomical terms (front): naval
umbillicus/umbilical
general anatomical terms (front): hip
coxal
general anatomical terms (front): pelvic
pelvis
general anatomical terms (front): groin
inguen/inguinal
general anatomical terms (front): pubic
pubis
general anatomical terms (front): thigh
femur/femoral
general anatomical terms (front): kneecap
patella/patellar
general anatomical terms (front): leg
crus/crural
general anatomical terms (front): ankle
tarsus/tarsal
general anatomical terms (front): foot
pedal/pes
general anatomical terms (front): toes
digits/phalanges
general anatomical terms (front): big toe
hallux
general anatomical terms (back): head
cephalon
general anatomical terms (back): neck
cervicis
general anatomical terms (back): shoulder
acromial
general anatomical terms (back): back
dorsum/dorsal
general anatomical terms (back): arm
brachium/brachial
general anatomical terms (back): back elbow
olecranon/olecranal
general anatomical terms (back): loin (lower back)
lumbus/lumbar
general anatomical terms (back): sacrum
sacral
general anatomical terms (back): hand
manus
general anatomical terms (back): butt
gluteus/gluteal
general anatomical terms (back): back of knee
popliteus/popliteal
general anatomical terms (back): calf
sura/sural
general anatomical terms (back): heel of foot
calcaneus
general anatomical terms (back): sole of foot
planta
terms describing movement: flexion
decreasing angle of joint (closer to origin)
terms describing movement: extension
increasing body angle (straighten out)
terms describing movement: hyperextension
more extension
terms describing movement: abduction
taking away
terms describing movement: adduction
adding to body
terms describing movement: circumduction
shoulder (joint/hip)
terms describing movement: rotation - lateral
external
terms describing movement: rotation - medial
internal
terms describing movement: supination
palms up
terms describing movement: pronation
palms face down
terms describing movement: elevation
close
terms describing movement: depression
open
terms describing movement: retraction
backward
terms describing movement: protection
forward
terms describing movement: dorsiflexion
ankle flexion
terms describing movement: plantarflexion
ankle extension
terms describing movement: inversion
inwards
terms describing movement: invert
towards inside
the cell: ribosomes
building block of amino acids (synthesis polypeptide
the cell: nucleus
control center of the cell
the cell: mitochondrion
synthesis energy (ATP) supplies cell
the cell: cytoskeleton
foundation of the cell
the cell: golgi-apparatus
synthesis carbohydrates
the cell: rough endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis lipids (fats)
the cell: smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis proteins and manufactures
the cell: plasma membrane
regulates exchange of materials between cytoplasm and ECF
the cell membrane: hydrophilic
polar (outside) phospholipid bilayer
the cell membrane: hydrophobic
non-polar (inside/tails) phosphate head
the cell membrane: semipermeable
what comes through
cell membrane:
selectively permeable, only allows certain things in and out of the cell, protein/carrier protein
diffusion:
higher concentration to lower concentration
simple diffusion:
through a phospholipid bilayer, small and non-polar particles
facilitated diffusion:
transport protein, large or polar particles
osmosis:
diffusion with water (high to low)
crenation:
when a cell is hypersensitive to a hypertonic solution causing it to shrink
hypotonic solution:
below/low concentration
isotonic solution:
same (inside/out)
hypertonic solution:
“lots of” (excess/outside)
control center/comparator:
brain
effector:
muscle/gland, responds to control (fixes imbalance)
homeostasis:
balanced
receptor:
sensory, receives stimulus (where problem is), 5 senses
negative feedback loop:
dampens or buffers the change, keeps system closer to equilibrium (more stable)
positive feedback loop:
enhances/amplifies changes, moves system away from equilibrium
example of positive feedback loop:
birth/blood clot
example of negative feedback loop:
body temp
