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human anatomy & physiology > human anat. terms > Flashcards

human anat. terms Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structure of the body

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of how the body functions

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3
Q

anatomical position

A

body upright, head face forward, upper extremities are to the side, palms forward, feet flat

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4
Q

parasagittal =

A

unequal

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5
Q

midsagittal

A

equal

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6
Q

anatomical planes: transverse

A

horizontal

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7
Q

anatomical planes: sagittal

A

vertical

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8
Q

terms of direction: high/top

A

superior/cranial

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9
Q

terms of direction: low/bottom

A

inferior

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10
Q

front

A

anterior/ventral

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11
Q

back

A

posterior/caudal/dorsal

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12
Q

cranial

A

skull

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13
Q

caudal

A

bottom of spinal cord

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14
Q

upper extremities

A

proximal

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15
Q

lower extremities

A

distal

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16
Q

lateral

A

how far from body

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17
Q

medial

A

how close to the body (mid-line)

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18
Q

superficial

A

closer to the body surface

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19
Q

body cavities

A

dorsal (cranial, spinal)

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20
Q

ventral cavities

A

thoracic (pericardial, pleural)

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21
Q

abdominopelvic

A

abdomen, pelvic

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22
Q

diaghram

A

breathing/muscle

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23
Q

mediastinum

A

trachea, esophagus, major vessels

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24
Q

visceral

A

touching organ

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25
Q

air space

A

actual cavity

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26
Q

parietial

A

contact with body wall

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27
Q

visceral

A

contact with organs

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28
Q

abdominal pelvic quadrants: right upper

A

gallbladder

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29
Q

abdominal pelvic quadrants: right lower

A

appendix

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30
Q

abdominal pelvic quadrants: left upper

A

spleen/stomach

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31
Q

abdominal pelvic quadrants: left lower

A

urinary bladder

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32
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: right upper

A

hypochondriac

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33
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: right mid

A

lumbar

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34
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: right lower

A

inguinal/groin

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35
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: middle upper

A

epigastric

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36
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: middle

A

umbilical

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37
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: middle lower

A

hypogastric

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38
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: left upper

A

hypochondriac

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39
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: left middle

A

lumbar

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40
Q

abdominal pelvic regions: left lower

A

inguinal

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41
Q

general anatomical terms (front): forehead

A

prons/frontal

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42
Q

general anatomical terms (front): skull

A

cranium/cranial

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43
Q

general anatomical terms (front): eye

A

oculus/ocular/orbital

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44
Q

general anatomical terms (front): cheek

A

bucca/buccal

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45
Q

general anatomical terms (front): face

A

facies/facial

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46
Q

general anatomical terms (front): ear

A

otic/auris

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47
Q

general anatomical terms (front): nose

A

nasus/nasal

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48
Q

general anatomical terms (front): mouth

A

oral/oris

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49
Q

general anatomical terms (front): chin

A

mentis/mental

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50
Q

general anatomical terms (front): armpit

A

axilla/axillary

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51
Q

general anatomical terms (front): upper arm/bicep

A

brachium/brachial

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52
Q

general anatomical terms (front): front of elbow

A

antecubital/antecubitis

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53
Q

general anatomical terms (front): forearm

A

antebrachium/antebrachial

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54
Q

general anatomical terms (front): wrist

A

carpal/carpus

55
Q

general anatomical terms (front): palm

A

palma/palmar

56
Q

general anatomical terms (front): fingers

A

digits/phalanges

57
Q

general anatomical terms (front): thumb

A

pollex/pollicis

58
Q

general anatomical terms (front): neck

A

cervicis/cervical

59
Q

general anatomical terms (front): thorax

A

thoreis/thoratic

60
Q

general anatomical terms (front): breast

A

mamma/mamary

61
Q

general anatomical terms (front): abdominal

A

abdomen

62
Q

general anatomical terms (front): naval

A

umbillicus/umbilical

63
Q

general anatomical terms (front): hip

A

coxal

64
Q

general anatomical terms (front): pelvic

A

pelvis

65
Q

general anatomical terms (front): groin

A

inguen/inguinal

66
Q

general anatomical terms (front): pubic

A

pubis

67
Q

general anatomical terms (front): thigh

A

femur/femoral

68
Q

general anatomical terms (front): kneecap

A

patella/patellar

69
Q

general anatomical terms (front): leg

A

crus/crural

70
Q

general anatomical terms (front): ankle

A

tarsus/tarsal

71
Q

general anatomical terms (front): foot

A

pedal/pes

72
Q

general anatomical terms (front): toes

A

digits/phalanges

73
Q

general anatomical terms (front): big toe

A

hallux

74
Q

general anatomical terms (back): head

A

cephalon

75
Q

general anatomical terms (back): neck

A

cervicis

76
Q

general anatomical terms (back): shoulder

A

acromial

77
Q

general anatomical terms (back): back

A

dorsum/dorsal

78
Q

general anatomical terms (back): arm

A

brachium/brachial

79
Q

general anatomical terms (back): back elbow

A

olecranon/olecranal

80
Q

general anatomical terms (back): loin (lower back)

A

lumbus/lumbar

81
Q

general anatomical terms (back): sacrum

A

sacral

82
Q

general anatomical terms (back): hand

A

manus

83
Q

general anatomical terms (back): butt

A

gluteus/gluteal

84
Q

general anatomical terms (back): back of knee

A

popliteus/popliteal

85
Q

general anatomical terms (back): calf

A

sura/sural

86
Q

general anatomical terms (back): heel of foot

A

calcaneus

87
Q

general anatomical terms (back): sole of foot

A

planta

88
Q

terms describing movement: flexion

A

decreasing angle of joint (closer to origin)

89
Q

terms describing movement: extension

A

increasing body angle (straighten out)

90
Q

terms describing movement: hyperextension

A

more extension

91
Q

terms describing movement: abduction

A

taking away

92
Q

terms describing movement: adduction

A

adding to body

93
Q

terms describing movement: circumduction

A

shoulder (joint/hip)

94
Q

terms describing movement: rotation - lateral

A

external

95
Q

terms describing movement: rotation - medial

A

internal

96
Q

terms describing movement: supination

A

palms up

97
Q

terms describing movement: pronation

A

palms face down

98
Q

terms describing movement: elevation

A

close

99
Q

terms describing movement: depression

A

open

100
Q

terms describing movement: retraction

A

backward

101
Q

terms describing movement: protection

A

forward

102
Q

terms describing movement: dorsiflexion

A

ankle flexion

103
Q

terms describing movement: plantarflexion

A

ankle extension

104
Q

terms describing movement: inversion

A

inwards

105
Q

terms describing movement: invert

A

towards inside

106
Q

the cell: ribosomes

A

building block of amino acids (synthesis polypeptide

107
Q

the cell: nucleus

A

control center of the cell

108
Q

the cell: mitochondrion

A

synthesis energy (ATP) supplies cell

109
Q

the cell: cytoskeleton

A

foundation of the cell

110
Q

the cell: golgi-apparatus

A

synthesis carbohydrates

111
Q

the cell: rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesis lipids (fats)

112
Q

the cell: smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesis proteins and manufactures

113
Q

the cell: plasma membrane

A

regulates exchange of materials between cytoplasm and ECF

114
Q

the cell membrane: hydrophilic

A

polar (outside) phospholipid bilayer

115
Q

the cell membrane: hydrophobic

A

non-polar (inside/tails) phosphate head

116
Q

the cell membrane: semipermeable

A

what comes through

117
Q

cell membrane:

A

selectively permeable, only allows certain things in and out of the cell, protein/carrier protein

118
Q

diffusion:

A

higher concentration to lower concentration

119
Q

simple diffusion:

A

through a phospholipid bilayer, small and non-polar particles

120
Q

facilitated diffusion:

A

transport protein, large or polar particles

121
Q

osmosis:

A

diffusion with water (high to low)

122
Q

crenation:

A

when a cell is hypersensitive to a hypertonic solution causing it to shrink

123
Q

hypotonic solution:

A

below/low concentration

124
Q

isotonic solution:

A

same (inside/out)

125
Q

hypertonic solution:

A

“lots of” (excess/outside)

126
Q

control center/comparator:

A

brain

127
Q

effector:

A

muscle/gland, responds to control (fixes imbalance)

128
Q

homeostasis:

A

balanced

129
Q

receptor:

A

sensory, receives stimulus (where problem is), 5 senses

130
Q

negative feedback loop:

A

dampens or buffers the change, keeps system closer to equilibrium (more stable)

131
Q

positive feedback loop:

A

enhances/amplifies changes, moves system away from equilibrium

132
Q

example of positive feedback loop:

A

birth/blood clot

133
Q

example of negative feedback loop:

A

body temp

134
Q
A

human anatomy & physiology (4 decks)

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