Human Flashcards

Question

Heathrow Expansion- Investment Infrastructure + Regeneration

Answer 1

2015- 3rd Runway to be built at Heathrow Airport ~£18.6 Billion- mostly Privately funded Heathrow currently operating at maximum capacity- increase output Create over 70,000 new jobs Generate £100 Billion more for economy- Multiplier effect However- Increased Noise Pollution + People displaced from homes

Answer 2

Buildings and Infrastructure attractive to specific Industries Universities off Research sites Life Sciences- 3rd largest growing sector- Economically Golden Triangle of Life Sciences- Cambridge, Oxford + Central London by 2018

Answer 3

2012- 51% Urbanised - Urbanisation expected to continue Hukou System- designed to restrict Rural-Urban Migration to most educated - Must be registered to House + Buy a Permit- expensive Restricting Urban integration + Greater Stress on transport during holidays

Answer 4

Abolished most International Borders within EU Free movement of Labour UK opted out 2016- 6 countries reintroduced internal border controls

Answer 5

Declining + Ageing Population- 27% over 65 1.7% of Population- Immigrants Language is an Issue Closed-door Policy to Immigration- unlikely to change

Answer 6

Tiered Immigration system- skills based 70% of Immigrants accepted based on skills- fill labour shortages Immigrants contribute 10% more per Capita to GDP than non-immigrants Migrants offset Ageing Population

Answer 7

After WW2- Labour shortages due to War 1948 Windrush- brought 566,000 people from Caribbean- Jamaica + West Indies Pakistani + Indian migrants from poorer areas Black Africans from Former Colonies 2004- 10 new countries joined EU- Increased in-migration to UK 1993-2016- 2.5 Million EU nationals in UK 2016- opposition to migration—> EU referendum

Answer 8

2015- over 1 Million migrants- North Africa + Middle-East—> Europe 2016- 340,000 Boats- run by smugglers- charging fees per person- interest to cram as many people -Overloaded boats- sank at sea due to lack of safety

Answer 9

Mexicans migrate Legally + Illegally- Californian farms + US cities 2015- over 11.7 Million Mexicans in USA- 28% of US Migrants 2016- Presidential Election- Trump focused on Mexican Immigration- Nationalism

Answer 10

Berlin Conference- Germany gained control over Rwanda- Belgium gained control after WW1 Belgians favoured Tutsi over Hutu people- despite Hutus being 85% of population 1962- Hutu rebelled against Belgian + Tutsis- Gained Independence + many Tutsis fled April 1994- Rwandan President (Hutu)- plane shot down—> Rwandan Genocide- 800,000 deaths- mostly Tutsi July 1994- Hutu Government + 2 million refugees- fled to Zaire (DRC) UN Security Council- stepped in to prosecute Suspects in Genocide

Answer 11

1954- Crimea transferred to Ukraine- part of USSR Sevastopol- Russian Military base- 2010- leased to Russia until 2042 for cheaper Russian Gas 2014- Ukraine president replaced with Western Government- favoured EU + NATO membership - Russia seized Control of Crimea- 850,000 Ukrainians fled Crimea following snap referendum 2018- Russia open Bridge connecting Crimea + Russia

Answer 12

Independent since 1950 China still claim Sovereignty over Taiwan- regarded as a Rebel State- do not recognise Taiwan as a Country Successful economy- top producer of Computer Technology

Answer 13

1700-1800- 30,000 British controlled ~500 Million Indians 1947- British Empire left India quickly- due to economic state after WW2 15 Million then moved following partition- 1 million died moving Before Partition- Hindus majority in Mainland- Muslims split- NE + W India Lahore- was most developed city- now in Pakistan Nehru- Muslim Leader Ghandi- Hindu Leader Muslims + Hindus used to drink from different taps Muslims split into Pakistan + Bangladesh

Answer 14

By 1850- much of SE Asia colonised by European powers- except Thailand Vietnam, Cambodia + Laos- French Colonies = French Indochina - Much of Agricultural land—> Plantations for: Rubber, coffee, tea, rice + tobacco — Exported to European Colonial Power

Answer 15

1885- Berlin Conference- European Powers- decided African Borders Sudan- divided into North + South -Britain + Egypt- attempted to modernise mainly Arab North -Predominantly Black African South- left to Tribal Communities — Britain- Divide + Rule policy—> Sudanese to go against each other than against Colonial Power North more prosperous than South

Answer 16

Economic Sanctions- for attempting to build Nuclear Weapons OPEC country- Iran influenced Oil prices UN Trade Embargo- Decreased Iran GDP- 5%

Answer 17

1993- Bosnia- Ethnic Cleansing of Muslims -UN designated Safe Zone- NE Bosnia- Protect Muslims by Dutch UN Peacekeepers Bosnian-Serb forces Sieged Safe Zone- food supplies ran low—> Death 1995- Safe Zone Captured—> 8000 Males massacred

Answer 18

Russia- seized control of Crimea USA- sanctions on specific sectors of Russian economy EU- dependence on Russian Oil + Gas- afraid to go too far Russian investors moved money to secure overseas banks- $70-90 billion left Economy - Russian currency devalued + Decreased International Credit Rating Russia banned imported food from EU + USA- retaliation Russia- vetoed against UN ‘territorial integrity of Ukraine’

Answer 19

1992- Debt $1.9 Billion- unable to repay 2000- IMF + World Bank HIPC initiative- Debts written off - Government Spending- Increased 20%- 40% more on Education + 70% more on Healthcare -Free Primary Education introduced- 5 million more children attended school — School Enrolment- 62%—> 93%- 2015 -20% more boys than girls in Education—> 2%- 2015 GDP- increased ~$20 Billion

Answer 20

90% voted for Independence in illegal referendum- but turnout only 42.3% Spain divided into 17 separate regions- each with its own identity - Catalonia also has its own language Catalonia strengthened as Spain’s democracy strengthened Catalonia- 1/5 of Spain’s Economic output - ~21% of Spain’s Tax Revenue- but only 6% of Land