Human

Question 1

Causes of Lung disease

Answer 1

Smoking 
Air pollution 
Genetic makeup 
Infections
Occupations

Question 2

Inspiration

Answer 2

Muscles contact
Volume increases 
Pressure decreases 
Air movement increases in
Ribs move up and out

Question 3

Expiration

Answer 3

Muscles relax 
Volume decreases 
Pressure increases
Air movement decreases out 
Ribs move down and in

Question 4

How does the steep conc gradient make gas exchange more efficient?

Answer 4

Blood flow and ventilation

Question 5

How does the surface area make gas exchange more efficient?

Answer 5

Many capillaries and alveoli create a large SA

Question 6

How does the short diffusion distance make gas exchange more efficient?

Answer 6

Walls of capillaries one cell thick o help maximise the diffusion distance aw well as thin alveoli walls as it is less than 1/10 th of micrometer
RBCs are then very close

Question 7

Surfactant

Answer 7

Water erosion reduced means alveoli do NOT stick together

Question 8

Inspiration external intercostal muscles

Answer 8

Contract
Ribs move Up and out
Increases volume

Question 9

Expiration in external intercostal muscles

Answer 9

Relax

Question 10

Inspiration in internal intercostal muscles

Answer 10

Relax

Question 11

Expiration in internal intercostal muscles

Answer 11

Contract

Question 12

Forced breathing out

Answer 12

Inter costal muscles contract
Diaphragm relaxes as well as external intercostal muscles
Decrease in volume of chest/ thoracic cavity
Air pushed down a pressure gradient

Question 13

Athsma

Answer 13

Muscle walls of bronchi contract
Walls of bronchi secrete more mucus
Diameter of airways reduced
Flow of air reduced

Question 14

Pathway of 02

Answer 14

Trachea and bronchi and bronchioles
Pressure gradient 
Diffusion gradient 
Across alveolar epithelium 
Across capillary epithelium