Hug Models Flashcards
What is the Concentric Zone Model?
Cities grow in rings outward from the CBD with inner zones being poorer and outer zones wealthier.
Developed by sociologist Burgess in 1925, it was the first model to explain urban growth.
What are the five zones in the Concentric Zone Model?
- Central Business District
- Transition and Industry
- Low Income Residential
- Middle Income Residential
- High Income Residential/Commuter
What does the Sector Model (Hoyt) propose about city development?
Cities develop in wedge-shaped sectors along transportation routes, with wealthy areas growing along main roads.
Developed by Hoyt in the late 1930s.
What is the critique of the Sector Model?
It is considered old and general, as zones can have multiple uses.
What is the Multiple Nuclei Model?
Cities have multiple centers (nuclei) for business, industry, and housing.
Developed by Harris and Ullman in 1945, it explains suburban growth.
What is Borchert’s Model of Evolution?
U.S. cities grew in five stages based on transportation: sail-wagon, iron-horse, steel-rail epoch, and automobile.
Developed in the 1960s.
What is the Bid-Rent Curve?
Land value decreases as you move away from the CBD, with businesses paying the most for central locations.
Introduced by William Alonso.
What does Christaller’s Central Place Theory explain?
Cities and services are spread in a hexagonal pattern, with larger cities serving wider areas.
What is Weber’s Least Cost Theory?
Businesses choose locations to minimize costs for transportation, labor, and resources.
What is Hotelling’s Locational Interdependence Theory?
Businesses locate near competitors to attract more customers.
What is Vance’s Urban Realms Model?
Cities develop into suburban ‘realms’ with independent business centers.
What does the Griffin-Ford Latin America City Model illustrate?
Latin American cities have a wealthy commercial spine and poor squatter settlements on the edges.
What are Rostow’s Stages of Economic Development?
Countries develop in five stages: traditional, takeoff, industrialization, and mass consumption.
What is Wallerstein’s World System Theory?
The world is divided into core (rich), semi-periphery (developing), and periphery (poor).
What does Von Thunen’s Model of Agricultural Land Use explain?
Farming is arranged in rings around a city based on transportation costs.
What is the Demographic Transition Model?
Population changes in five stages from high birth/death rates to low ones.
What does the Epidemiologic Transition Model focus on?
Disease patterns change with development, moving from famine to lifestyle diseases.
What is the Gravity Model of Spatial Interaction?
The interaction between two locations is directly related to their size and inversely related to the distance between them.
What does the Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition state?
Migration follows the DTM with rural-to-urban in early stages and suburbanization later.
What are Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration?
Most migrants move short distances; long-distance migrants go to big cities.
What is the Central Business District (CBD)?
The original core of a city’s economy containing a large percentage of shops, offices, and public institutions.
What are some characteristics of the CBD?
- High land costs
- Discourages industry in the CBD
- Intensive land use (skyscrapers)
