HUBBARD SET Flashcards
substances that are recognized as foreign by the body and therefore elicit immune responses.
Antigens
this is where blood group antigens exist
surface of RBCs
T/F:
Only a small number of blood group antigens are considered clinically significant
TRUE
How many blood group antigens have been described?
more than 600
are immunoglobulins developed in response to the presence of antigens
Antibodies
are type of antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species
Heterantibodies
are type of antibodies formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species
Alloantibodies
are type of antibodies involved in transfusion reactions
Alloantibodies
are type of antibodies made in response to the body’s own antigens
Autoantibodies
Immunoglobulins are produced and secreted by _______?
Activated B lymphocytes
basic structure of immunoglobulins
two light chains & two heavy chains held by disulfide bonds
How many classes of immunoglobulins are there?
5
Five classes of Immunoglobulins
IgM IgA IgG IgE IgD
Immunoglobulin classes produced against RBC antigens
IgG
IgM
IgA (rarely)
Only immunoglobulin class that can cross placental barrier
IgG
Immunoglobulin class that occur with IgG and IgM antibodies having the same specificity
IgA
Immunoglobulin class that account for the majority of clinically significant antibodies directed against blood group antigens
IgG
Immunoglobulin class that do not fix complement
IgA, IgG4
Immunoglobulin classes which can cause agglutination in saline
IgA, IgM
Number of IgG subclasses
4
Subclasses of IgG
IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4
(Most, some) IgG antibodies contain all four subclasses
Most
T/F:
Some IgGs are predominantly or exclusively composed of a single subclass
TRUE
T/F:
IgG subclasses display different biologic properties
TRUE
T/F:
Not all IgG subclasses bind to the crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptors on macrophages
FALSE
ALL IgG subclasses bind to the crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptors on macrophages
Which IgG subclass cannot bind complement through classic pathway
IgG4
Which IgG subclass/es bind/s complement the least efficienty
IgG2
Major IgG subclass, comprising 65% - 70% of total IgG found in serum
IgG1
These immunoglobulin class agglutinate VERY STORNGLY in saline
IgM
considered complete antibodies
IgM
IgM structure
pentamer
T/F:
IgM strongly fixes complement through the classic pathway
TRUE
term used to refer to agglutination of RBCs
Hemagglutination
