Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

LC 02 > Hu PLacental Devel and phys > Flashcards

Hu PLacental Devel and phys Flashcards

1
Q

ENdocrine fxn of placenta

A

Steroid and peptide hormone prod

- hCG + hPL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What part of the placenta are in direct contact with maternal blood?

A

Fetal Trophoblast cells of the placenta are in dir contact w/ maternal blood
* Not fetal blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Placenta sim in between species?

A

Not highly conserved
- wide variety
(shape, size, vascular, maternal-fetal connection, placental blood flow exchange system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What comprises the majority of hte placental mass?

A

Floating villi

- site of nutrient and waste exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anchoring villi

A

attachment of placenta to uterus

  • site for invasive cytotrophoblast deployment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interstitial invasion

A

cytotrophoblasts invade the entire endometrium and the first third of the myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endovascular invasion

A

Cytotrophoblasts invade the uterine spiral arterioles through their superficial myometrial segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Placenta fxn

A
  1. Transport
  2. Respiration
    (- drug met, glycogen form)
  3. Hepatic
  4. Skin
  5. Endocrine
  6. Immune syst

*organ has finite life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diffusion limited transport is most affected by what?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast membrane
- (vacuoles appear w/in syncytiotrophoblasts and eventually fuse to form lacunae –> lacunae make first contact with eroded endometrial capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is the fetal O2 diss curve shifted to left?

A

Fetus has Low affinity for 2,3 DPG
- fetus has higher O2 affinity! and is adequately oxygenated at low partial pressure
(at any oxygen tension and any pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hepatic fxn of placenta

A

Metabolism

  1. Produces glycogen, cholesterol, FA
  2. Drug met (Enz for oxidation, glucuronidation, sulfation)
  3. Excretion of waste prod
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skin fxns of placenta

A
  1. Temp regulation
    - heat is prod by fetal metabolic processes
    - women feel warmer during preg
  2. Protective barrier to pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endocrine fxn of PLacenta

A
  1. Makes lots of hormones
  2. Makes hCG
    - peaks ~ 10 weeks
    - maintains corpus luteum and progesterone prod until ~8 weeks when placenta can make enough prog.
    - regulates cytotrophoblast differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In trisomy 21, what are hCG levels?

A

Elevated

  • hCG made by trophoblast cells
  • earliest it can be detected is 6-9 days post conception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

human Placental lactogen (hPL)

A
  1. Prod by sCTB
  2. Directs maternal system to shift more to FA met, making carbohydrates more available to fetus
  3. Counter regulatory (anti-insulin) hormone
    - Creates insulin resistance
    - Partly responsible for development of gestational diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does progesterone maintain pregnancy?

A

suppresses uterine contraction

17
Q

Does IgG or IgM cross placenta?

A

IgG

makes sense, IgM is fucking huge
- fetal immune system makes IgM

18
Q

Rh baby 2nd birth

A

With first birth, mom makes IgM
- no prob

By second birth, mom makes IgG, cross placenta –> binds Rh factor –> fetal hydrops in Rh+ fetus

19
Q

Amniotic fluid is made of?

A
  1. maternal plasma
  2. Fetal urine
  3. Fetal lung secretion
20
Q

causes of oligohydramnios

A
  1. Rupture of membranes
  2. Congenital anomalies (GU system)
  3. Nephrotoxic drugs (ACEi, NSAIDS)
  4. Poor placental perfusion
21
Q

Causes of polyhydramnios

A
  1. Congenital anomalies
    - make pee, cant swallow it
  2. Gestational diabetes
    - hyperglycemia has osmotic FX and draws in water –> distends uterus
22
Q

Prelacunar stage

  • what day?
  • What happens?
A

Days 6-8

Blastocyst attaches to endometrium and trophectoderm proliferates
- outer layer: syncytiotrophoblasts
- inner layer:
cytotrophoblasts

23
Q

Which layer invades the adjacent maternal tissue

A

cytotrophoblasts proliferate

24
Q

Lacunae/trabecular stage

  • What day?
  • What happens?
A

Day 9-12

Vacoules appear w/in the syncytiotrophoblasts and eventually fuse to form lacunae.
Syncytiotrophoblasts form pillars called trabeculae.
Lacunae make first contact w/ endometrial capillaries
This region will develop into intervillous space.

Implantation is complete at this point.

25
Villous stage - What day - What happens?
Day 13-18 Three stages: First. Primary villous: Cytotrophoblasts proliferate and begin to invade up the trabeculae. Cytotrophoblast core is surrounded by syncytiotrophoblasts Second. Secondary villi - Extraembryonic mesoderm grows into cytotrophoblast and forms villous core Third. Tertiary villi: mesenchymal cells differentiate into blood vessels
26
How does the Materna-fetal circulation form from the floating/anchoring villi?
Cytotrophoblasts form at the tip of the FV and AV, and makes contact with the decidua. Cytotrophoblasts invade thru the decidua to the inner 1/3 of the myometrium and remodel the uterine spiral arteries.
27
Umbilical arteries | - carries blood from where to where?
deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta *dives thru/pierces chorionic plate (2)
28
What happens once the umbilical arteries and veins pierce through the chorionic plate?
They branch and form capillary networks w/in the chorionic villi. - maternal bvs are in the intervillous space and provides O2 to fetal blood in the villi *There is no direct mixing of maternal and fetal blood
29
Terminal villi
Have lots of capillaries and highly dilated sinusoids The Location where most of the villous growth and transplacental transport takes place Minimizes transit distance between fetal and maternal circulations
30
What is the amniotic fluid made up of early in pregnancy vs later?
1st 12 weeks; An ultrafiltrate of maternal plasma >12 weeks: fetal kidneys start working - fetal urine - sm amts of fetal lung secretions
31
Maternal causes of oligohydramnios
1. Poor placental perfusion (pre-gestational diabetes) 2. HTN 3. Preeclampsia
32
Placental causes of amniotic fluid disorders in oligohydramnios
Twin twin transfusion
33
drugs that can cause oligohydramnios
Prostaglandin synthase inhibitors ACE-inhibitors *interferes with nl fetal renal fxn
34
Rate limiting step of placental transport (for substances that cross the placenta slowly)
Rate of movement across the syncytiotrophoblast membranes between intervillous space and the fetal capillaries *diffusion limited: direct dmg to syncytiotrophoblasts will affect oxygen transport to the fetus
35
Rate limiting step of placental transport (for substances that cross the placenta rapidly)
Transport is dep on plasma concentration and rate of blood flow *Flow limited: Pregnant women with aortic stenosis have reduced cardiac output --> growth restricted fetus
36
Presence of IgM in fetus?
Response to congenital infxn - IgM cannot cross placenta - produced by fetus itself *in its absence, IgG is the dom. Ig

LC 02 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions