Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Integrated Clinical (Common) > HTN & PUD > Flashcards

HTN & PUD Flashcards

Hypertension and Peptic Ulcer Disease

1
Q

HTN complications (what conditions can HTN lead to)

A

stroke, MI, kidney failure, retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HTN is also known as the _________.

A

silent killer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parameters are HTN?

A

> or equal to 130 systolic
or equal to 80 diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Guidelines?

A

American Heart Association
American College of Cardiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary vs Secondary HTN

A
  • Primary: cause unknown (90-95%)
  • Secondary: cause known (5-10%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the manifestations of Primary HTN?

A
  • increased BP
  • No symptoms for most individuals
  • Severe HTN: painful headaches, confusion, hallucinations, vision problems, nosebleeds, N/V
  • Vascular damage
  • Target organ disease: heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, nephrosclerosis, retinal damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Whitecoat HTN

A

BP is normal at home but elevated in a healthcare setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Masked HTN

A

BP is normal in a healthcare setting but elevated at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Malignant HTN

A
  • BP is >180/120 mmHg
  • Treatment varies on the cause of the elevated BP
  • Gradual reduction to normal BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the fixed risk factors?

A
  • family hx
  • increased age
  • gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors?

A
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • socioeconomic status
  • diabetes
  • high cholesterol
  • stress
  • diet high in sodium
  • alcohol use
  • sedentary lifestyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the diagnostics for HTN?

A
  • BP measurement
  • Rule out secondary causes
  • Evaluate end organ damage/disease
  • Determine cardiovascular risk
  • ECG
  • Blood and Urine tests
  • Establish baseline levels (prior to therapy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a DASH diet?

A

a heart-healthy eating plan designed to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are you assessing in End Organ Damage?

A
  • Neuro
  • Heart
  • Kidneys
  • Lungs
  • Peripheral
  • Vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the medication management for HTN? (Prototypes)

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARBS (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers)
  • Beta Blockers
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Thiazide Diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do Diuretics do?

A

reduce fluid retention and lower BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do ACE Inhibitors do?

A

help relax BV and reduce BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do ARBS do?

A

help relax BV and reduce BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do Beta Blockers do?

A

reduce HR and reduce heart’s workload

20
Q

What do Calcium Channel Blockers do?

A

help relax BV and reduce heart’s workload

21
Q

Patient Education on HTN

A
  • promote understanding of HTN
  • prevention of complications
  • identifying risk factors
  • non-pharmacological
  • pharmacological
  • lifestyle changes
  • DASH diet
  • monitoring BP
  • follow up with primary care
  • care coordination
  • connect to support services
22
Q

What is PUD?

23
Q

What are the two forms of PUD?

A
  • gastric ulcer
  • duodenum ulcer
24
Q

Where does the gastric ulcer occur?

A

in lesser curvature of the sotmach near the pylorus

25
Where does the duodenum ulcer occur?
proximal part of the small intestines - exacerbations occurs, surgery 5-10%
26
What are the Protective Factors for PUD?
- prostaglandin - bicarb - blood flow - mucous production
27
What are the Hostile Factors for PUD?
- H pylori - gastric acid - NSAIDS
28
What does H Pylori do?
releases toxin that promotes inflammation and ulcerations - prediposes people for gastric cancer - transmission is fecal to oral
29
What does NSAIDS do?
inhibits the production of prostaglandins
30
Clinical Manifestations: Gastric vs Duodenal Ulcers
- Gastric: triggered or worsened by eating, usually occurs shortly after meals, not relieved by antacids - Duodenal: epigastric pain, relief after eating
31
What are the diagnostics for PUD?
- Upper Endoscopy - Labs: CBC, fecal occult blood tests - Urease breath test - Fasting serum gastric - Rule out diagnostics: LFT/CPK, EKG, Abdominal Ultrasound, Xrays)
32
What are the complications of PUD?
- GI hemorrhage: abdominal pain, changes in VS, decrease in Hct/Hgb - Intestinal perforation - Surgery - Rule of others issues: cardiovascular disease
33
What is the medication management of Peptic Ulcer?
- H2 receptor antagonist - Proton pump inhibitor - Sucralfate
34
What are the dietary irritants for a Peptic Ulcer?
- Caffeine - ETOH - Spices
35
T/F: The patient should eat a big when they have a Peptic Ulcer?
False; patient should eat small meals
36
When do you call a provider? (Patient Education for Peptic Ulcer)
bloody emesis, blood in stool, unusual abdominal pain
37
What is GERD?
a condition that occurs when stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus d/t a weakened sphincter
38
What are the risk factors for GERD?
- genetics - hiatal hernia - obesity - Zolinger-Ellison Syndrome - hypercalcemia - Scleroderma and systemic sclerosis - medications: NSAIDS lead to pyrosis
39
What are the Esophageal symptoms?
- pyrosis - regurgitation - dysphagia - odynophagia (painful swallowing) - nausea
40
What are the Etraesophageal symptoms?
- chronic cough - chest pain - laryngitis - asthma/SOB/pneumonia/bronchitis - pharyngitis - sinusitis - sleep apnea - erosion of dental enamel - otitis media
41
Complications of GERD
- reflux esophagitis (erosion of the esophagus) - esophageal strictures (narrowing of the esophagus related to reflux induced inflammation and scarring) - Barrett's Esophagus - Esophageal adenocarcinoma
42
Diagnostics
- Esophageal pH monitoring - Esophageal manometry - Barium Swallowing - EGD
43
What is the Medication Management for GERD?
- Proton Pump Inhibitor - H2 Receptor Antagonist - Sucralfate
44
What are the surgical procedures for GERD?
- Nissen Fundoplicatin - Linx Procedure
45
Patient Education for GERD
- sleep with HOB elevated - eat small meals - cessation of smoking - recognize GERD symptoms - avoid lying down after eating - know when to call provider

Integrated Clinical (Common) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions