Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations II Exam 1 > HTN Medications > Flashcards

HTN Medications Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of Beta Blockers.

A

blocks the activity of catecholamines at β adrenoreceptors, which leads to decreased cardiac output, some decreased PVR, and decreased renin activity (propranolol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Beta Blockers.

A
  • Cardioselective (β1 receptors)

- Noncardioselective (β1 and β2 receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cardioselective Beta Blockers medications.

A
  • Atenolol (Tenormin)
  • Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
  • Nabivolol (Bystolic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Non-cardioselective Beta Blockers medications.

A

-Propranolol (Inderal)
-Nadolol (Corgard)
Combo alpha and beta blockers
-Labetolol (Trandate)
-Carvedilol (Coreg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Side effects of Beta Blockers.

A
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Fatigue
  • Bradycardia
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Depression
  • Exacerbate reactive airway disease
  • Exacerbate peripheral vascular disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cautions and contraindications for beta blockers.

A

Cautions: DM, depression, not for unstable HF. Avoid abrupt cessation. Reduced mortality after MI and with heart failure.
Contraindications= AV block, cariogenic shock, heart failure, hypotension, asthma, COPD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA of Direct Renin Inhibitors.

A

inhibit enzyme activity of renin, reducing the activity of angiotensin I and II and aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor medications.

A

Aliskiren (Tekturna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Side Effects of Direct Renin Inhibitors.

A

Hyperkalemia
Renal impairment
Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cautions and contraindications of Direct Renin Inhibitors.

A

Avoid combining with ACE-I / ARB in the setting of kidney impairment.
Contraindications= Use with an ACE-I or ARB; pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of ARBs.

A

Inhibit the RAAS System.

Helpful in patients with CKD, DM, HF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ARBs medications:

A 
Losartan (Cozaar)
Valsartan (Diovan)
Olmesartan (Benicar)
Telmisartan (Micardis)
Candesartan (Atacand)
Irbesartan (Avapro)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Side Effects of ARBs.

A

Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contraindications of ARBs.

A

Pregnancy, renal artery stenosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MOA of ACE-Inhibitors.

A

inhibit the RAAS system, and stimulate bradykinin (which has a vasodilator effect).
Helpful in patients with CKD, DM, HF, and post-MI.
Less effective in blacks and elderly or in predominant systolic HTN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ace-Inhibitor medications.

A 
Lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril)
Quinapril (Accupril)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Ramipril (Altace)
Captopril (Capoten)
Benazepril (Lotensin)
Trandolapril (Mavik)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Side Effects of ACE-Inhibitors.

A

Cough
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contraindications of ACE-Inhibitors:

A

Pregnancy, angioedema, renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MOA of Calcium Channel Blockers.

A

Inhibition of calcium influx into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells; decreased calcium inhibits the contractile process leading to vasodilation
Effect: reduced peripheral vascular resistance.
Increased efficacy in blacks, elderly.

20
Q

Types of Calcium Channel Blockers.

A 
Non-dihydropyridines (verapamil, diltiazem):
-More of a cardiac depressant effect
Dihydropyridines:
-More selective as vasodilators
-Less cardiac depressant effect
21
Q

Non-dihydropyridines Calcium Channel Blocker medications.

A

Cardiac depressant.
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia)

22
Q

Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker medications.

A 
Selective Vasodilators. 
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Felodipine (Plendil)
Isradipine (Dynacirc)
Nicardipine (Cardene)
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
Nisoldipine (Sular)
23
Q

Side effects (non-DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers.

A

Bradycardia
Constipation
Gingival hyperplasia
Worsening heart failure

24
Q

Side Effects (DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers.

A

Peripheral edema
Headache
Flushing

25
Q

Contraindications (non-DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers.

A
  • Acute MI
  • AV block
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Heart failure
  • Hypotension
  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • Ventricular dysfunction or V tachycardia
  • WPW syndrome
26
Q

Contraindications (DHP) Calcium Channel Blockers

A
  • Acute MI

- In urgent/emergent HTN, immediate release nifedipine is contraindicated

27
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists medication.

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone, Aldactazide)

Technically a potassium sparing diuretic but not potent as an antihypertensive.

28
Q

Side Effects of Aldosterone Antagonists.

A

Hyperkalemia

Gynecomastia

29
Q

Contraindications of Aldosterone Antagonists.

A

Renal Impairment, DM with proteinuria, hyperkalemia.

30
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic medications.

A

Triamterene (Dyrenium).

Weak antihypertensive.

31
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic Side Effects.

A

Hyperkalemia (esp with CKD, DM)
Nephrolithiasis.
Renal dysfunction.

32
Q

Cautions and contraindications of Potassium sparing diuretics.

A

Caution combining with ACE-I, ARB, DRI, K supplements.

Contraindications= hepatic disease, renal failure, hyperkalemia.

33
Q

Loop Diuretic medications.

A

Furosemide (Lasix).

Poor antihypertensive. Reserved for patients with kidney disease or fluid retention.

34
Q

Loop Diuretic Side Effects.

A 
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
Sexual dysfunction 
Hypercholesterolemia
Glucose disturbance
*Supplement potassium
35
Q

Thiazide Type Diuretic medications:

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

36
Q

Thiazide Type Diuretic Side Effects:

A 
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Sexual dysfunction
Hyperuricemia (gout)
Glucose disturbance
Dyslipidemia
37
Q

Contraindications for Thiazide Type Diuretics.

A

Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide derived drugs.

38
Q

MOA of Diuretics:

A

Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the nephron, increasing sodium and water excretion.

39
Q

Types of Diuretics.

A

Thiazide-type Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Aldosterone antagonists.

40
Q

MOA of Central Alpha Agonists.

A

stimulate α2 adrenergic receptors in the brain which reduces CNS sympathetic outflow.
Avoid abrupt cessation(rebound HTN).

41
Q

Central Alpha Agonist medications.

A

Clonidine (Catapres)

Methyldopa

42
Q

Side effects of central alpha agonists.

A 
Anticholinergic side effects
Bradycardia
Orthostatic hypotension
Dizziness
Rebound HTN
Methyldopa: Hepatitis, Hemolytic anemia, Fever.
43
Q

Contraindications of central alpha agonists.

A

Methyldopa in liver disease.

44
Q

What is the only HTN medication that can be taken while pregnant.

A

Methyldopa.

45
Q

MOA of Alpha Blockers.

A

Targets α1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle, causing peripheral vascular resistance to decrease, thus decreasing blood pressure.
Use in mild-moderate HTN and not for mono therapy.
ALLHAT trial showed increased risk of heart failure with doxazosin.
Compelling indication (JNC7) = BPH

46
Q

Alpha Blocker medications.

A

Doxazosin (Cardura)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Prazosin (Minipress)

47
Q

Side effects of alpha blockers.

A

Orthostatic Hypotension
Reflex tachycardia
Dizziness.

Foundations II Exam 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions