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HTN And HLD Drugs > HTN And HLD Drugs > Flashcards

HTN And HLD Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of statins?

A

Inhibits HMG CoA reductase

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2
Q

How do statins affect the lipid panel?

A

Lowers LDL and TGs

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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of statins?

A

Liver toxicity, GI upset, myalgias, and rhabdo

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4
Q

What are the absolute and relative contraindications for statin use?

A

Absolute: Active liver disease, pregnancy
Relative: concomitant use with CYP3A4 inhibitors, chronic kidney and liver disease

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5
Q

What is the MOA of bile acid sequestrants?

A

Binds bile in the intestine and has a synergistic effect with statins

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6
Q

How do bile acid sequestrants affect the lipid panel?

A

Lowers LDL

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of bile acid sequestrants?

A

Constipation, gas, interference with vitamins absorption, interference with warfarin management, and possible increase TGs

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8
Q

What are the absolute and relative contraindications of bile acid sequestrants?

A

Absolute: TGs > 400
Relative: TGs >200

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9
Q

Are bile acid sequestrants safe in pregnancy?

A

Yes

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10
Q

How does nicotinic acid affect the lipid panel?

A

Reduces LDL, increases HDL, and may reduce TGs

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11
Q

What are the adverse effects of nicotinic acid?

A

Flushing, pruritis, liver damage, and safety concerns when used with a statin

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12
Q

What are the absolute and relative contraindications of nicotinic acid?

A

Absolute: Active liver disease
Relative: Hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, and unstable angina

**not used in pregnancy

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13
Q

How do Fibric acid derivatives affect the lipid panel?

A

Lowers TGs and increases HDL

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of fibric acid derivatives?

A

Gallstones, hepatitis, myositis

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15
Q

What are the absolute and relative contraindications of fibric acid derivatives?

A

Absolute: severe Hepatic or renal disease, preexisting gallstones, or taking simvastatin
Relative: other statin use, concurrent warfarin use

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Ezetimibe?

A

Blocks intestinal absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol

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17
Q

How does ezetimibe affect the lipid panel?

A

Lowers LDL

18
Q

What are the contraindications of Exetimibe?

A

Use with a statin in active liver disease, pregnancy

19
Q

How do PCSK9 inhibitors affect the lipid panel?

A

Decreases LDL

20
Q

What should you monitor when your patient it taking a thiazide type diuretic?

A

Monitor for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and Uric acid levels

21
Q

What is the contraindication to both thiazide and loop diuretics?

A

Sulfa sensitivity

22
Q

What is the preferred diuretic in symptomatic HF?

A

Furosemide (loop)

23
Q

What are the side effects of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalemia, nephrolithiasis, renal dysfunction (avoid in severe CKD)

24
Q

What is the contraindication for aldosterone antagonists?

A

Renal impairment

25
Q

What are the compelling indications for ACE inhibitors?

A

DM, CKD, post MI, and heart failure

26
Q

What are the contraindications for ACE inhibitors?

A

Pregnancy, angioedema, and renal artery stenosis

27
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, dizziness, and acute renal failure

28
Q

What are the side effects of ARBs?

A

Hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, and angioedema

29
Q

What are the contraindications of ARBs?

A

Pregnancy and renal artery stenosis

30
Q

What are the side effects of CCBs?

A

Headache, peripheral edema, bradycardia, and dizziness

31
Q

What are the contraindications of non-dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Avoid use with beta blockers, HFrEF

32
Q

What are the contraindications of dihydropyridine CCBs?

33
Q

What are the compelling indications of Beta blockers?

A

Stable HF, post MI, high CAD risk

34
Q

What should you avoid doing when you’re taking beta blockers?

A

Avoid abrupt withdrawal because that can precipitate acute coronary events and increase BP

35
Q

What are the common side effects of beta blockers?

A

Bronchospasm, AV block, fatigue, sleep disturbances

36
Q

What are the contraindications for beta blockers?

A

Bronchospastic disease, conduction abnormalities, and acute decomposition of CHF

37
Q

What are the contraindications for central alpha agonists?

A

Methyldopa in liver disease

38
Q

What re the side effects of alpha blockers?

A

Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and dizziness

39
Q

What is the compelling indication for alpha blockers?

40
Q

What are the side effects of direct renin inhibitors?

A

Hyperkalemia, renal impairment, hypersensitivity reactions

41
Q

What are the contraindications for direct renin inhibitors?

A

Use with ACE or ARB in DM, pregnancy

HTN And HLD Drugs (1 decks)

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