Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPRII > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

Phentolamine

A

a1 Receptor Blocker

    • Short 1/2 life ~19 mins
    • Not tolerated very well (Old Drug)

Adverse Effects:

  • Hypotensive episodes
  • Orthostatic Hypotenstion
  • Tachycardia and Arrhythmias
  • Weak, Dizzy, Flushing, Diarrhea, Nasal Congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phenoxybenamine

A

a1 Receptor Blocker

    • Non-competitive Antagonist (Irreversible)
  • *Not tolerated very well (Old drug)

Similar Adverse effects to Phentolamine PLUS:

  • Miosis
  • Severe Allergic Rxns (Angioedema)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prazosin

A

a1 Receptor Blocker
** Competitive Antagonist of postsynaptic a1 receptors

Causes:
- Vasodilation of Arterioles and Veins

  • ***NOT TYPICALLY USED TO TX HTN:
  • Increase likelihood of STROKE and CHF

Adverse Effects:

  • Palipitations, edema, Orthostatic Hypotension, syncope
  • dizzy, headache, depression, nervousness
  • Decreased energy, weakness
  • Urinary frequency, “Retrograde Ejaculation”, Priapism
  • Blurred Vision, reddened sclera,
  • Nasal Congestion

***“Potential 1 drug solution for old man in WHEELCHAIR with BPH and HTN”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tamsulosin

A

a1 Receptor Blocker
a1A = a1D > a1B
Marketed for BPH

***“Potential 1 drug solution for old man in WHEELCHAIR with BPH and HTN”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Terazosin

A

a1 Receptor Blocker
a1»»»a2
Marketed for BPH

***“Potential 1 drug solution for old man in WHEELCHAIR with BPH and HTN”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Doxazosin

A

a1 Receptor Blocker
a1»»>a2
Marketed for BPH

***“Potential 1 drug solution for old man in WHEELCHAIR with BPH and HTN”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clonidine

A

a2 Agonist that targets the Brainstem

** Reduces Sympathetic Outflow!!!

**Crosses the blood-brain-barrier!!

    • IV administration causes:
  • Transient INCREASE in BP by stimulating Vascular Smooth M.
  • Then, DECREASE in BP by stimulating the Brain Stem to Decrease SNS outflow by the CNS

Adverse Effects:
- tired, headache, drowsy, dizzy, behavior changes
- Skin rash,
- xerostomia (dry mouth), upper abdominal pain
- brady or tachycardia, AV block, Cardiac Failure, stroke, chest pain, ECG abnormality, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, raynauds phenomenon
***- Rebound HTN if Dose is MISSED!!
all kinds of more!!!

  • ** helps BP but nasty drug to take
  • ** used to treat pain more often now
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a - Methyldopa

A

a2 Agonist

Similar to Clonidine!!!
- decreases SNS Outflow!!

  • *used for management of Severe HTN!!
  • Not for Initial Tx for elevated BP (better drugs out there)

**Remains Drug of Choice for = Gestational HTN (Pregnancy Induced HTN) due to long term safe use!!!!

Adverse Effects: extensive

  • heart failure, othostatic Hypotension, edema,
  • Bone marrow suppression: anemia, thrombocytopenia, Positive Coombs test (autoimmune hemolytic anemia), SLE-like syndrome
    etc. ..
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hexamthonium (Mecamylamine)

- not as important

A

Sympathetic Ganglia Target
“hmm how can we block SNS ganglia to lower BP??”

*** Blocks Nn Receptors of both SNS and PSNS ganglia

DIDNT WORK

Adverse Effects: from disrupting PSNS and SNS

  • PSNS : SLUGEM, dry mouth, dry eyes, Urinary Retention, Constipation, mydiasis, blurry vision etc
  • SNS : difficult to maintain CO/BP when upright
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reserpine - not as important

A

Adrenergic Terminal Target (interfere with NE storage/Release)
Blocks Incorporation of NE into Synaptic Vesicles

Sever Depression, suicide!
All kinds of issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Guanethidine - not as important

A

Adrenergic Terminal Target(interfere with NE storage/Release)
Displaces NE from synaptic terminal

SEVERE orthostatic Hypotension
all kinds of issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Propanolol

A

B Blocker
NONSELECTIVE B Blocker (B1 and B2)

  • B1 = Decrease in HR, Contractility, BP, O2 demand of heart
  • B2= BLunting of vasodilation

***Used to be used for HTN but not anymore!!

Adverse Effects:
- Bronchosmasm
**- Cold extremities (Raynaud Syndrome)
- Bradycardia, AV block, CHF, Cardiogenic shock, hypotension, syncope
- Disrupted sleep
- hyperglycemia or hyoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia
more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atenolol

A

B Blocker
COMPETITIVE SELECTIVE B1 blocker!!

  • B1 = Decrease in HR, Contractility, BP, O2 demand of heart

Adverse Effects:

  • Bradycardia, Heart failure, cold extremities (Raynauds), AV block, Edema,
  • Confusion, fatigue, headache, insomnia, nightmares
  • constipation diarrhea, nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metoprolol

A

B Blocker
B1 SELECTIVE!!!

shorter 1/2 life, more lipid soluable so more likely to induce adverse CNS effects!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bisoprolol

A

B Blocker
SELECTIVE B1 blocker

*** noted for having the highest B1 selectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Captopril

A

RAAS target drug

ACE inhibitor

  • Lowers lvls of Angiotensin II, Lowers lvls of Aldosterone secretion
  • Raises Plasma lvls of Renin
    • Lowers BP!

Adverse Effects:

  • Cough, hypotension, angioedema, headache, dizzy, drowsy, loss of/altered taste
  • Renal issues

*******STOP TAKING BECUAUSE: Chronic “tickle” cough, or Angioedema (can be deadly) (Choke on tongue)

17
Q

Enalapril

A

RAAS target drug

ACE inhibitor

same as captopril

18
Q

Benazepril

A

RAAS Target Drug

ACE Inhibitor

**Longer 1/2 life = 1 a day dosing so preffered

19
Q

Lisonopril

A

RAAS Target Drug

ACE Inhibitor

** Longer 1/2 life = 1 a day dosing so preffered

20
Q

Losartan

A

RAAS Targert Drug

Competitive Angiotensin II receptor Antagonist (1000x more affinity for AT1 than AT2 receptor)

  • Blocks Vasoconstriction/Aldosterone secreting actions of Angiotensin II
  • Induces a more complete effect than ACE inhibitors

Adverse Effects:
- More common in those with Diabetic Nephropathy
- Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
- Fatigue, dizzy, fever
- cough (LESS THAN ACE Inhibitors), nasal congestion
- diarrhea, gastritis, nausea, weight gain
etc

21
Q

Valsartan

A

RAAS Target Drug

same as Losartanm(Angiotensin II receptor antagonist)

Not a prodrug, does not need activation

22
Q

Candesartan

A

RAAS Target Drug

Same as Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor antagonist)

*** Noteworthy for its IRREVERSIBLE BINDING!!!!!

23
Q

Aliskiren

A

RAAS Target Drug

“New kid on the block”

Direct Inhibitor of Renin

Blocks conversion of Angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

24
Q

Nifedipine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker

**noncardioactive

Inhibits Calcium from entering “slow channels” in the myocardium and Vascular smooth M.

  • Causes relaxation of coronary vascular smooth M to increase O2 delivery
  • Negative Ionotrope BUT LESS THAN CARDIOACTIVE CCBs
  • Reduces Peripheral Vascular Resistance = decreased BP!

** IMPORTANT 1st line Tx for HTN

1/2 life of 2-5hrs

25
Q

Amlodine

A

Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker

**noncardioactive

Inhibits Calcium from entering “slow channels” in the myocardium and Vascular smooth M.

  • Causes relaxation of coronary vascular smooth M to increase O2 delivery
  • Negative Ionotrope BUT LESS THAN CARDIOACTIVE CCBs
  • Reduces Peripheral Vascular Resistance = decreased BP!
  • *** IMPORTANT 1st line Tx for HTN
  • **** Widely used because of Loong 1/2 life = 30-50 hours
26
Q

Verapamil

A

Non-dihydropridine Calcium Channel Blocker

**CARDIOACTIVE

Inhibits Calcium from entering “slow channels” in the myocardium and Vascular smooth M.

  • Causes relaxation of coronary vascular smooth M to increase O2 delivery
  • **- Negative Ionotrope so it DECREASES contractility!!!
  • ** Slows automaticity of AV node
  • Reduces Peripheral Vascular Resistance = decreased BP!

** IMPORTANT 1st line Tx for HTN

27
Q

Diltiazem

A

Non-dihydropridine Calcium Channel Blocker

**CARDIOACTIVE

Inhibits Calcium from entering “slow channels” in the myocardium and Vascular smooth M.

  • Causes relaxation of coronary vascular smooth M to increase O2 delivery
  • **- Negative Ionotrope so it DECREASES contractility!!!
  • ** Slows automaticity of AV node
  • Reduces Peripheral Vascular Resistance = decreased BP!

** IMPORTANT 1st line Tx for HTN

28
Q

Hydralizine

A

Peripheral Vascular Smooth M. Target

    • Direct Vasodilator of Arterioles (Little effect on Vs)
  • mechanism unknown

Reduces Peripheral Resistance

Adverse Effects:
- CV = angina, flushing, orhostatic Hypotension, papipitations, paradoxical HTN, edema, tachycardia
-CNS = Anxiety, chills, depression, dizzy, headache, fever
- Derm = Pruitus, rash, uticaria
- GI = anorezia, constipation, nasuea, paralytic illeus vomit
Hematologic = eosiniphilia, hemolytic anemia,
- Neuro/muscle = cramps, RA, neruitis, weakness, tremor
ocular = conjunctivitis, lacrimation
Respiratory = dyspnea, congestion
SLE like syndrome
-

29
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Peripheral Vasucular Smooth M. Target

** Direct vasodilator of Arterioles AND Veins!!!!!

Reduces peripheral resistance

WIll increase CO due to Decrease in afterload

    • Very Short 1/2 life = 2 mins
    • Give by IV (Stick in a line and dial the BP where you want it because you can adjust dose so frequently due to 1/2 life)

Adverse Effects: LOTS
- CV = Hypotension, palipitations, tachycardia
- CNS = dizzy headache, restlessnesss
- Derm= Rash
**- Endocrine/metabolic = Toxic due to being eliminated as Thiocyanate
- Hematologic = methmoglobinemia, platelet agg reduced
- Neuro/muscle = twitching, miosis due to thiocyanate toxicity
Otic = tinnitis due to thiocyanate toxicity
Resp = hyperoxemia due to cyanate toxicity

30
Q

Minoxidil

A

Peripheral Vascular Smooth M. Target

Direct Vasodilation of Arterioles (Little effect on Veins)

***” The most effect drug out there from artierole vasodilation standpoint”

Lowers arteriolar vascular resistance (THE RESISTANCE PLUMMETS!)

Adverse Effects: Because it plummets so fast:

CV= Pericardial Effusion (occasionally with Tamponade), ECG changes, edema, heart failure, tachycardia
Derm = Hypertrichosis
Endocrine and Metabolic = NA and h2O retention
pulm = plm edema

CPRII (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions