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Q2 Clin Med Final (Cardiology, Hyperlip) > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

HTN definition?

A

elevated systolic and/or diastolic BP

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2
Q

Sxs of 2º causes of HTN? (6)

A 
mm weakness
tachycardia
sweating
tremors
thinning skin
flank pain
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3
Q

Signs of sleep apnea? (4)

A

morning HA
daytime sleepiness
loud snoring
erratic sleep

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4
Q

During physical exam of pts w/ HTN, look for what?

A

signs of target organ failure

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5
Q

Signs of target organ failure in general physical exam? (4)

A

body fat distribution
skin lesions
mm weakness
impaired alertness

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6
Q

Signs of target organ failure in eye exam? (3)

A

hemorrhage
papilledema
cotton wool spots

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7
Q

Signs of target organ failure in neck exam? (2)

A

abn carotid pulse

abn thyroid

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8
Q

Signs of target organ failure in respiratory exam? (2)

A

rhonchi

rales

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9
Q

Signs of target organ failure in cardiac exam? (3)

A

abn size, rhythm, sounds
dyspnea
claudication

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10
Q

Signs of target organ failure in abdominal exam? (3)

A

renal masses
renal bruits
abn femoral pulses

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11
Q

Signs of target organ failure in neuro exam? (3)

A

visual disturbances
focal weakness
confusion
HA

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12
Q

HTN screening guidelines for adults?

A

every 2 yrs

or annually if pre-HTN

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13
Q

Diagnosing HTN?

A

average of >=2 seated BP readings

during >=2 office visits

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14
Q 
BP classifications:
normal?
pre?
stage 1?
stage 2?
A

Normal: SBP < 120 and DBP < 80

Pre: SBP 120-139,or DBP 80-89

Stage 1: SBP 140-159, or DBP 90-99

Stage 2: SBP >=160, or DBP >=100

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15
Q

Pt’s w/ Masked HTN (normal in office, high everywhere else) have increased what?

A

cardiovascular risks

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16
Q

Home BP monitoring goal?

A

<135/85

17
Q

BP goal for pts w/ DM?

A

<130

18
Q

Standard tests to run?

A 
HCT
UA
blood chemistry
lipid panel
EKG
19
Q

HTN tx?

A

lifestyle intervention

meds

20
Q

Central α Agonists:

MOA

SE

Cautions

A

MOA: stim α2 receptors -> ↓ SNS

SE: anticholinergic sxs

Avoid abrupt cessation

21
Q

α blockers (-zosin):

MOA

SE

Cautions

A

MOA: block α1 receptors in smooth mm -> vasodilation

SE: orthostatic hypotension

combo drug

22
Q

β blocker (-lol):

MOA

2 types

SE

Cautions

A

MOA: block β receptors -> ↓ CO

Types: cardioselective (β1), noncardioselective (β1, β2: heart and lungs)

SE: slows everything down

Not for Unstable HF

23
Q

Diuretics:

MOA

A

MOA: inhibit Na reabsorb

24
Q

Thiazide Diuretics:

SE

Cautions

A

(Hydrochlorothiazide)
SE: low K+, Na, Mg; high Ca2+

sulfa allergies
DM possibly hyperglycemia

25
Q

Loop Diuretics:

SE

A

(Furosemide)

SE: low K+, Mg

26
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics:

SE

A

(Trimterene)

SE: hyperkalemia

27
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists:

SE

A

(Spironolactone)

SE: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

28
Q

Ca2+ Channel Blockers (-dipine):

MOA

2 types

SE

A

MOA: ↓ Ca2+ influx -> ↓ vascular resistance

Types: Dihydropyidine (less card depressant),
Non-dihydro (more card depressant)

SE: HA, peripheral edema

29
Q

ACE Inhib (-pril):

MOA

SE

A

MOA: inhib RAAS, stim bardykinin

SE: cough, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure

30
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (-sartan):

MOA

SE

A

MOA: inhib RAAS

SE: cough, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure

31
Q

Direct Renin Inhib:

MOA

SE

Cautions

A

MOA: inhib renin

SE: cough, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure

Use w/ ACE or ARB in DM

32
Q

Resistant HTN definition?

A

failure to hit goal BP w/ full-dose tx of 3 drugs including thiazide diuretic

33
Q

Most common cause of resistant HTN?

A

volume overload

34
Q

HTNsive Urgency is?

A

Asymp sever HTN

SBP >=180 and/or DBP >=120

35
Q

HTNsive Urgency etiology?

A

(U) non-adherence to meds and lifestyle ∆

36
Q

HTNsive Urgency tx?

A

Gradual ↓ of BP:
rest
adjust meds - avoid β block, ACE, ARB

37
Q

HTNsive Emergency is?

A

SBP >= 180 abd/or DBP >= 120

a/w acute end-organ damage

38
Q

HTNsive Emergency tx?

A

ICU

careful, controlled reduction in BP over 48 hrs

Q2 Clin Med Final (Cardiology, Hyperlip) (8 decks)

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