HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, JavaScript Flashcards
1
Q
What is HTML?
A
Hyper Text Markup Language, used to define how a web page is laid out using tags.
2
Q
What is CSS?
A
Cascading Style Sheet which defines how elements will look on the web page.
3
Q
How can CSS be applied?
A
- External - In a separate file that’s linked.
- Internal - At the top of the document in style tags.
- Inline - as an attribute on the elements themselves.
4
Q
What is iFrame?
A
- An HTML document embedded inside another HTML document on a website.
- The IFrame element is used to insert content from another source, like an ad on a web page.
5
Q
What is DOM?
A
Document Object Model, represents the html page structure as nodes and objects.
6
Q
What is Bootstrap?
A
A front-end, open source toolkit used to speed up development with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Built for mobile first web-development using a grid system.
7
Q
What are Meta Tags?
A
- Provide metadata about the HTML document.
- Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.
- Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata
8
Q
What is ASCII?
A
- American standard code information interchange
- A character encoding standard for electric communication.
9
Q
What is UTF-8?
A
- Unicode Transformation Format
- 8 means it uses 8 bit blocks to represent a character
- A character encoding that can contain any unicode characters
10
Q
What tag would you use to create tables?
A
- The table tag
- Th is table head
- Tr is table row
- Td is table data (column data)
11
Q
What are the types of lists?
A
- Ordered list
- Ol
- li
- Unordered list
- Ul
- li
- Description list
- Dl
- Dt
- Dd
12
Q
What does attribute “required” do?
A
Used on input to specify that it must be filled out for the form to submit.
13
Q
What does attribute ‘target=”_blank”’ do?
A
- Anchor links may have the target attribute which controls what happens when the anchor is clicked.
- If the target is _blank this tells the browser to open a new window (or tab depending on user settings) when the link is clicked.
14
Q
JavaScript and AJAX
A
- JavaScript is an object oriented interpreted scripting language
-Used on web pages for DOM manipulation to make
the pages more interactive. - AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
- A new technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications using XML, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
15
Q
Is JavaScript loosely typed or strict typed?
A
JavaScript is loosely typed you don’t declare the data types of variables explicitly.
16
Q
Is JavaScript case-sensitive?
A
Yes
17
Q
What is Prototypical Inheritance?
A
- Everything in javascript is an object
- Each object has a private property which holds a link to another object called its prototype.
- When you construct an object the prototype chain links all the way up to Object the parent of everything in javascript to build the object.
18
Q
Is JavaScript Pass-By-Value or Pass-By-Reference?
A
- For primitives javascript is pass by value.
- Javascript also uses call by sharing for objects.
Call by sharing is similar to pass by reference in that the function is able to modify the same mutable object but unlike pass by reference isn’t able to assign directly over it.
19
Q
What is Type Coercion?
A
- Type coercion is a property of javascript to attempt to compare values of different types because it doesn’t have strict types
- When == is done it will try to change the type of the object for a temporary comparison.
- A good example is (1 == ‘1’ will be true, even though one is a string and one is a number).
This can be avoided by using === which won’t try to do any casting.
20
Q
What are the variable scopes in JavaScript?
A
Global and local scope
21
Q
What are functions in JavaScript?
A
- Functions are objects to start
- A function object defines a series of tasks and/or calculates a value.
- Must be defined in the scope you wish to call it in.
22
Q
What are the types of functions?
A
- Function declaration - create a function but don’t assign it to a variable
- Function expression - create a function and assign it to a variable
23
Q
What is an anonymous function?
A
- A function that is created at runtime.
- The function operator can be used anywhere that it’s valid to use an expression.
- Called “anonymous” because the function was not “named”
24
Q
What is a self-invoking function?
A
- A self-invoking function is started automatically without being called, this is done right after it’s created.
- This is used for avoiding naming conflict as well as for achieving encapsulation.
- Variables or declared objects are not accessible outside this function.
25
What is Hoisting?
Hoisting in javascript is when the interpreter moves all variable and function declarations to the top of the current scope.
26
What are Closures?
- A closure is an inner function that has access to the outer functions variables.
- A closure has three scope chains: its own scope, outer functions, and globals.
27
JSON vs JS Object
- JSON is JavaScript Object Notation
- JSON is a data interchange format, a way to pass structured information between languages.
- JSON is formatted similarly to how a JavaScript Object is formatted which makes it very easy to parse and build objects from.
- JSOBject can hold funcitons, and have undefined values, JSON cannot
28
What does it mean to be "Truthy"?
Javascript doesn’t use true and false when doing logical comparisons JavaScript uses type coercion, truthy is not just the value true, it’s values that could logically represent a true value.
29
What are the falsy values in javascript
Falsy values could be false, null, undefined, NaN, zero, and empty strings.
30
What are the data types in JavaScript?
```
String
Number
Boolean
Undefined
Arrays
Objects
Symbols
Function
```
31
What is Capturing?
- Capturing is another form of event propagation.
- Capturing works the opposite of bubbling:
- When an event is fired and parent and children elements have handlers registered the parent’s handler fires first and then the event trickles down to the child.
32
What is Bubbling?
- Event bubbling is a form of event propagation.
- Event bubbling propagates events from children to parents.
- An event gets fired and is handled by a child element, from there it propagates up to parents with handlers for the event.
33
What are events?
HTML events are actions generated with user interaction with an element or elements.
34
What is a Listener?
A listener is an object that waits for events or actions to occur.
35
What is AJAX?
- Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a new technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications with the help of XML, HTML, CSS, and Java Script.
36
What are the Xml Http Request methods?
- New XMLHttpRequest() - creates a new
XMLHttpRequest object.
- abort() - cancels the current request.
- getAllResponseHeaders() - returns header information.
- getResponseHeader() - returns specific header
information.
- open(method, url, async, user, psw) - specifies a
request.
- send()/send(string) - sends the request to the server.
- setRequestHeader() - adds a label/value pair to the
header to be sent.
37
What are the Ready States in HTTP?
0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready
38
What are the HTTP Methods?
GET - requests a representation of the specified resource. Get should only be used to get data.
HEAD - asks for a response identical to that of a GET request, but without the response body.
POST - used to submit an entity to the specified resource, often causing a change in state or side effects on the server.
PUT - replaces all current representations of the target resource with the request payload.
DELETE - deletes the specified resource.
CONNECT - establishes a tunnel to the server identified by the target resource.
OPTIONS - used to describe the communication options for the target resource.
TRACE - performs a message loop-back test along the path to the target resource.
PATCH - used to apply partial modifications to a resource.
39
What is the AJAX workflow?
```
Step 1: initialize the XMLHttpRequest()
Step 2: create the onreadstatechange funciton
Step 3: open the request
GET/POST, “url”, true/false
Step 4: send the request
```
