HTML, CSS, and Bootstrap

Question 1

What are the different forms of CSS?

Answer 1

• External - In a separate file that is linked.
• Internal - At the top of the document in style tags.
• Inline - as an attribute on the elements themselves.

Question 2

What is DOM?

Answer 2

• Document Object Model
• Represents the HTML page structure as nodes and objects. That way, programming
  languages can connect to the page.

Question 3

What is Bootstrap?

Answer 3

• A front-end, open source toolkit used to speed up development with HTML, CSS, and
  JavaScript.

Question 4

What is ASCII?

Answer 4

• American Standard Code Information Interchange

- A character encoding standard for electric communication.

Question 5

What is ANSI?

Answer 5

• American National Standards Institute.

- Creates standards for the computer industry.

Question 6

What is UTF-8?

Answer 6

• Unicode Transformation Format

- 8 means it uses 8-bit blocks to represent a character

Question 7

What tags would you use to create tables?

Answer 7

• T - table tag
• Tr - is table row
• Th - is table head
• Td - is table data (column data)

Question 8

What tag would you use to create list?

Answer 8

Ordered list
- Ol
- li
Unordered list
- Ul
- li
Description list
- Dl
- Dt
- Dd

Question 9

What tag would you use to create forms?

Answer 9

• Form tag creates a form
• Input specifies the different form inputs
• Button or input type=”button” can be used to submit.

Question 10

What is AJAX

Answer 10

• Stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
• A new technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications
  using XML, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Question 11

What is OBP?

Answer 11

• Represents Object Based Programming.

- Basically, a superset of OOP.

Question 12

What is DOM Manipulation?

Answer 12

• The altering of the DOM while the application is running.
• You can use this to add remove and change the way elements are laid out and how they
  look on the page.

Question 13

What kind of compiler does JavaScript use/have?

Answer 13

• JavaScript is interpreted not compiled
• The script is interpreted by other applications like web-browsers or Node Packet
  Manager(npm).

Question 14

What is Prototypical Inheritance?

Answer 14

• Each object has a private property which holds a link to another object called its
  prototype.
• When you construct an object the prototype chain links all the way up to Object, the
  parent of everything in JavaScript to build the object.

Question 15

Is JavaScript Pass-By-Value or Pass-By-Reference?

Answer 15

• For primitives JavaScript is pass by value.
• JavaScript also uses call by sharing for objects.
• Call by sharing is similar to pass by reference in that the function is able to modify the
  same mutable object but unlike pass by reference isn’t able to assign directly over it.

Question 16

What is Type Coercion?

Answer 16

• Type coercion is a property of JavaScript to attempt to compare values of different
  types because it does not have strict types.

Question 17

What are the variable scopes in JavaScript?

Answer 17

Global, local, and block scope

Question 18

What is an anonymous function?

Answer 18

• A function that is created at runtime.

- The function operator can be used anywhere that it is valid to use an expression.

Question 19

What is a self-invoking function?

Answer 19

• A self-invoking function is started automatically without being called; this is done right
  after it is created.
• This is used for avoiding naming conflict as well as for achieving encapsulation.

Question 20

What is Hoisting?

Answer 20

• Hoisting in JavaScript is when the interpreter moves all variable and function
  declarations to the top of the current scope.

Question 21

What are the data types in JavaScript? (6)

Answer 21

• String
• Number
• Boolean
• Undefined
• Arrays
• Objects
• Symbols
• Function

Question 22

What is Bubbling?

Answer 22

• Event bubbling is a form of event propagation.

- Event bubbling propagates events from children to parents.

Question 23

What is Capturing?

Answer 23

• Capturing works the opposite of bubbling:
• When an event is fired, and parent and children elements have handlers registered
  the parent’s handler fires first and then the event trickles down to the child.

Question 24

Are JS objects mutable or immutable?

Answer 24

• In JavaScript, only objects and arrays are mutable.

- Primitives are immutable.

Question 25

What are the Ready States in HTTP?

Answer 25

• 0: request not initialized
• 1: server connection established
• 2: request received
• 3: processing request
• 4: request finished, and response is ready

Question 26

What are the HTTP Methods?

Answer 26

• GET - requests a representation of the specified resource. Get should only be used
  to get data.
• HEAD - asks for a response identical to that of a GET request, but without the
  response body.
• POST - used to submit an entity to the specified resource, often causing a change in
  state or side effects on the server.
• PUT - replaces all current representations of the target resource with the request
  payload.
• DELETE - deletes the specified resource.
• CONNECT - establishes a tunnel to the server identified by the target resource.
• OPTIONS - used to describe the communication options for the target resource.
• TRACE - performs a message loop-back test along the path to the target resource.
• PATCH - used to apply partial modifications to a resource.

Question 27

What are the HTTP Statuses?

Answer 27

• 100 - info.
• 200 - success.
• 300 - redirect.
• 400 - bad request.
• 500 - server error.

Question 28

What is a Callback Function?

Answer 28

• A callback function is a function placed into a parameter of another function to make
  sure that certain steps are done when that function ends.