HTML Flashcards
Where do you put non-visible content about the HTML document?
<head>
</head>
Where do you put visible content about the HTML document?
<body>
</body>
Where do the <head> and <body> tags go in a valid HTML document?
Inside <html> element
What is the purpose of a <!DOCTYPE> declaration?
Tell the browser what version of HTML you’re using.
Give five examples of HTML element types.
<title>
<head>
<body>
<p>
<img></img>
</p></body></head></title>
What is the purpose of HTML attributes?
Attributes provide additional information about the contents of an element.
Give an example of an HTML entity (escape character).
©
How do block-level elements affect the document flow?
always appear to start on a new line in the browser window.
How do inline elements affect the document flow?
always appear to continue on the same line as their neighbouring elements.
What are the default width and height of a block-level element?
Take up full width of the containing block - 100%. Height determined by content - Auto.
What are the default width and height of an inline element?
width - auto
height - auto
What is the difference between an ordered list and an unordered list in HTML?
<ol> lists where each item in the list is numbered.
<ul> lists that begin with a bullet point (rather than characters that indicate order).
</ul></ol>
Is an HTML list a block element or an inline element?
Block
What HTML tag is used to link to another website?
<a></a>
What is an absolute URL?
starts with
the domain name for that site, and can be followed by the path to a specific page. If no page is specified, the site will display the homepage.
What is a relative URL?
link to files within your own files.
How do you indicate the relative link to a parent directory?
Use ../ to indicate the folder above the current one, then follow it with the file name.
How do you indicate the relative link to a child directory?
use the name of the child folder, followed by a forward slash, then the file name.
How do you indicate the relative link to a grand parent directory?
Repeat the ../ to indicate that you want to go up two folders (rather than one), then follow it with the file name.
How do you indicate the relative link to the same directory?
just use the file name. (Nothing else is needed.)
What is the purpose of an HTML form element?
refer to different elements that allow you to collect information from visitors to your site.
Is an HTML <input></input> element a block element or an inline element?
inline
What purpose do the thead and tbody elements serve?
to show the difference from the first row and the rest of the data in the table
What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?
declaration block
property
value
Selector
In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?
.selector
In CSS, how do you select elements by their tag name?
name of the element
In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?
selector
Pound sign
Octothorpe
What CSS properties make up the box model?
margin
padding
border
height
width
Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?
margin
Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?
padding
What is a pseudo-class?
a class that comes about from a special state on the page.
What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?
user interaction and less work when loading in data.
What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?
row
What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?
no wrap
Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?
because they are block elements
What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?
row
What are the three primary components of a page layout? (Which helper classes do you need?)
containers rows columns
What is the minimum number of columns that you should put in a row?
at least one
What is the purpose of a container?
a boundary for content
What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?
it will move relative to where it should exist on the page
How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?
its removed from the document flow
How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?
it appears in where it normally would, or relative to it normal position based on properties set
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?
appear on the page with in its nearest non static ancestor
How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?
set the containing block to position:relative
What are the four box offset properties?
top
What is the purpose of variables?
to store data for the future
How do you declare a variable?
var
let
const
How do you initialize (assign a value to) a variable?
=
What characters are allowed in variable names?
letters
numbers
$
_
What does it mean to say that variable names are “case sensitive”?
the same word with different capitalization will not be the same variable
What is the purpose of a string?
to hold text
What is the purpose of a number?
math
What is the purpose of a boolean?
if a state is true or false
What does the = operator mean in JavaScript?
assigns a value
How do you update the value of a variable?
name of variable = value
What is the difference between null and undefined?
null is intentionally empty
undefined usually means something i missing
Why is it a good habit to include “labels” when you log values to the browser console?
without it just prints a value with out context
What data type is returned by an arithmetic operation?
a number
What is string concatenation?
combining strings
What purpose(s) does the + plus operator serve in JavaScript?
addition or concatenation
What data type is returned by comparing two values (<, >, ===, etc)?
boolean
What does the += “plus-equals” operator do?
adds or concatenate and assigns
What are objects used for?
to store like data
What are object properties?
How do you remove a property from an object?
What are the two ways to get or update the value of a property?
.notation
[] notation
What are arrays used for?
lists of things in order
How are arrays different from “plain” objects?
they are in order
What number represents the first index of an array?
[0]
What is the length property of an array?
.length
Why do we log things to the console?
to see what our code is doing while its running
What is a method?
function that is stored withing a object
How is a method different from any other function?
a function attached to an object
How do you remove the last element from an array?
.pop()
How do you round a number down to the nearest integer?
Math.floor()
How do you generate a random number?
Math.random()
How do you delete an element from an array?
.splice()
How do you append an element to an array?
.push()
How do you break a string up into an array?
.split()
Do string methods change the original string? How would you check if you weren’t sure?
no strings are immutable.
try it or console.log
Is the return value of a function or method useful in every situation?
No
What three-letter acronym should you always include in your Google search about a JavaScript method or CSS property?
MDN
What is the purpose of a loop?
repeat a code block until a condition is no longer met
What is the purpose of a condition expression in a loop?
tells the loop when to stop
What is the purpose of a condition expression in a loop?
tells the loop when to stop
What does “iteration” mean in the context of loops?
how many times the code block ran
When does the condition expression of a while loop get evaluated?
at the beginnning of each iteration of the loop
When does the initialization expression of a for loop get evaluated?
only once
When does the condition expression of a for loop get evaluated?
before each iteration of the code block
When does the final expression of a for loop get evaluated?
at the end of each iteration of the loop
Besides a return statement, which exits its entire function block, which keyword exits a loop before its condition expression evaluates to false?
break
What does the ++ increment operator do?
increments value by 1
How do you iterate through the keys of an object?
for in loop
What are the four components of “the Cascade”.
source order
inheritance
specificity
!important
What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?
the order the rules appear in the actual stylesheet
How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?
inherit
Why is using !important considered bad practice?
it overrides all other rules
Why do we log things to the console?
verify data is there
What is a “model”?
a representation or recreation of something
Which “document” is being referred to in the phrase Document Object Model?
the html document
What is the word “object” referring to in the phrase Document Object Model?
data
What is a DOM Tree?
the tree
Why might you want to assign the return value of a DOM query to a variable?
so you dont have query the entire document every time
What console method allows you to inspect the properties of a DOM element object?
console.dir()
Why would a
tag need to be placed at the bottom of the HTML content instead of at the top?
the js needs to load after the all the html has loaded
What does document.querySelector() take as its argument and what does it return?
a css selector
the element
What does document.querySelectorAll() take as its argument and what does it return?
a css selecter
a node list
What is the purpose of events and event handling?
if something happened do something
Are all possible parameters required to use a JavaScript method or function?
no
What method of element objects lets you set up a function to be called when a specific type of event occurs?
addEventListener
What is a callback function?
passing a function around as an argument
What object is passed into an event listener callback when the event fires?
an event object with all the details of the event
What is the event.target? If you weren’t sure, how would you check? Where could you get more information about it?
the area in the
What is the className property of element objects?
the class attribute in the html
Does the document.createElement() method insert a new element into the page?
no
How do you add an element as a child to another element?
parent.appendChild(child)
What do you pass as the arguments to the element.setAttribute() method?
the name of the attribute, the new value
What is the textContent property of an element object for?
changing or viewing the text within an element
What is the event.target?
the element that triggered the event
Why is it possible to listen for events on one element that actually happen its descendent elements?
so that those events can be delegated
What DOM element property tells you what type of element it is?
.tagName
What does the element.closest() method take as its argument and what does it return?
css selector as a string
How can you remove an element from the DOM?
.remove()
If you wanted to insert new clickable DOM elements into the page using JavaScript, how could you avoid adding an event listener to every new element individually?
add the eventListener to the parent
(event delegation)
What is the event.target?
What is the affect of setting an element to display: none?
What does the element.matches() method take as an argument and what does it return?
How can you retrieve the value of an element’s attribute?
At what steps of the solution would it be helpful to log things to the console?
all of them!
If you were to add another tab and view to your HTML, but you didn’t use event delegation, how would your JavaScript code be written instead?
What is a method?
a function defined to a property of an object
How can you tell the difference between a method definition and a method call?
method call follows the name of the object after a ‘.’
How is a method different from any other function?
What is the defining characteristic of Object-Oriented Programming?
objects can contain both data (as properties) and behavior (as methods).
What are the four “principles” of Object-Oriented Programming?
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
What is “abstraction”?
being able to work with (possibly) complex things in simple ways.
What does API stand for?
application programming interface
What is the purpose of an API?
it is a way for computer programs to communicate with each-other
What kind of inheritance does the JavaScript programming language use?
prototypal inheritance
What is a prototype in JavaScript?
an object that all created instances can use
If an object does not have it’s own property or method by a given key, where does JavaScript look for it?
prototype
What is a client?
it requests content or service from a server.
they initiate communication sessions with servers, which await incoming requests.
What is a server?
providers of a resource or service
Which HTTP method does a browser issue to a web server when you visit a URL?
GET
What three things are on the start-line of an HTTP request message?
An HTTP method
The request target
The HTTP version
What three things are on the start-line of an HTTP response message?
The protocol version
A status code
A status text
What are HTTP headers?
let the client and the server pass additional information with an HTTP request or response
Where would you go if you wanted to learn more about a specific HTTP Header?
MDN
Is a body required for a valid HTTP request or response message?
NO
What is AJAX?
a programming practice of building complex, dynamic webpages using a technology known as XMLHttpRequest.
What does the AJAX acronym stand for?
Asynchronous JavaScript And XML
Which object is built into the browser for making HTTP requests in JavaScript?
XMLHttpRequest.
What event is fired by XMLHttpRequest objects when they are finished loading the data from the server?
‘load’
What is a code block?
code with in curly braces
What does block scope mean?
that the scope of the variables is only with in that codeblock
What is the scope of a variable declared with const or let?
block scope
What is the difference between let and const?
Why is it possible to .push() a new value into a const variable that points to an Array?
How should you decide on which type of declaration to use?
