HTML

Question 1

Where do you put non-visible content about the HTML document?

Answer 1

in the head

Question 2

Where do you put visible content about the HTML document?

Answer 2

in the body

Question 3

Where do the head and body tags go in a valid HTML document?

Answer 3

• head is the first thing that comes after the html tag

- body goes after the head

Question 4

What is the purpose of a !DOCTYPE declaration?

Answer 4

lets the browser know what version of HTML the page is written in

Question 5

Give five examples of HTML element tags.

Answer 5

head, body, p, h1, h2, h3

Question 6

What is the purpose of HTML attributes?

Answer 6

changes or adds more information to the html element

Question 7

Give an example of an HTML entity (escape character).

Answer 7

< > & ‘’”” copyright, trademark, etc.

Question 8

How do block-level elements affect the document flow?

Answer 8

takes up 100% width (the whole line)

Question 9

How do inline elements affect the document flow?

Answer 9

takes up however much horizontal space it takes

Question 10

What are the default width and height of a block-level element?

Answer 10

• width 100%

- height: auto (however much vertical space it takes)

Question 11

What are the default width and height of an inline element?

Answer 11

• width: auto (however much horizontal space it takes)

- height: auto (however much vertical space it takes)

Question 12

What is the difference between an ordered list and an unordered list in HTML?

Answer 12

• ordered list is numbered

- unordered list uses bullet points

Question 13

Is an HTML list a block element or an inline element?

Answer 13

-block

Question 14

What HTML tag is used to link to another website?

Answer 14

<a></a>

Question 15

What is an absolute URL?

Answer 15

the full page address of a webpage or web file

Question 16

What is a relative URL?

Answer 16

uses a file path to link to a file in the same relative location as the root file

Question 17

How do you indicate the relative link to a parent directory?

Answer 17

../parent.html

Question 18

How do you indicate the relative link to a child directory?

Answer 18

child-folder/child.html

Question 19

How do you indicate the relative link to a grand parent directory?

Answer 19

../../grandparent.html

Question 20

How do you indicate the relative link to the same directory?

Answer 20

file-name.html

Question 21

What is the purpose of an HTML form element?

Answer 21

sets up the boundary that allows the user to submit data to the server

Question 22

Give five examples of form control elements.

Answer 22

text/password input, text area, radio/submit button, select, option, file upload, drop-down boxes

Question 23

Give three examples of type attributes for HTML “input” elements.

Answer 23

text, password, radio, checkbox, file, submit, image, hidden

Question 24

Is an HTML “input” element a block element or an inline element?

Answer 24

inline element

Question 25

What is the difference between the “get” method and the “post” method when taking in values from a form?

Answer 25

• get: values from the form are added to the end of the URL specified in the “action” attribute. mainly used for short forms (search boxes)
• post: values are sent in HTTP headers. used to allow users to upload a file, or if the form is very long/contains sensitive data/adds or deletes information from a database

Question 26

What are the six primary HTML elements for creating tables?

Answer 26

td, tr, th, thead, tbody, tfoot

Question 27

What purpose do the thead and tbody elements serve?

Answer 27

• semantic descriptor
• apply different stylistic elements
• assist screen readers
• in some browsers, thead elements stay visible while the tbody elements scroll

Question 28

Give two examples of data that would lend itself well to being displayed in a table.

Answer 28

financial data, TV schedules, sports results, stock reports, timetables

Question 29

What is a client?

Answer 29

a computer or program that accesses a service made available by a “server”

Question 30

What is a server?

Answer 30

a computer or program that provides functionality for “clients”

Question 31

Which HTTP method does a browser issue to a web server when you visit a URL?

Answer 31

HTTP GET request

Question 32

What three things are on the start-line of an HTTP request message?

Answer 32

1. an HTTP method, a verb (GET/PUT/POST), or a noun (HEAD/OPTIONS) that describes the action to be performed
2. the request target, usually a URL
3. the HTTP version

ex. GET https://example.com/ HTTP/1.1

Question 33

What three things are on the start-line of an HTTP response message?

Answer 33

1. the protocol version (usually HTTP/1.1)
2. a status code that indicates success or failure (202, 404, 302, …)
3. a status text that explains the status code

Question 34

What are HTTP headers?

Answer 34

• all the text from a HTTP request/response that comes after the request line
• (kind of like the header in an html document)

Question 35

Is a body required for a valid HTTP request or response message?

Answer 35

-no, some methods don’t have a response body (HEAD)

or when the response is just 404 Not Found

Question 36

What is AJAX?

Answer 36

a technique for loading data into part of a page without having to refresh the entire page

Question 37

What does the AJAX acronym stand for?

Answer 37

Asynchronous JavaScript And XML

Question 38

Which object is built into the browser for making HTTP requests in JavaScript?

Answer 38

XHR object

Question 39

What event is fired by XMLHttpRequest objects when they are finished loading the data from the server?

Answer 39

load event

Question 40

An XMLHttpRequest object has an addEventListener() method just like DOM elements. How is it possible that they both share this functionality?

Answer 40

they both share an object in the prototypal chain