HSP3U Unit 2 - Theorist test Flashcards
What was Carl Rogers’ theory?
Self - Actualization
What are the main ideas of ‘self-actualization’
1) a person can only ‘grow’ if they are surrounded by genuineness (openness + self-disclosure), empathy (being listened to + understood), and acceptance (seen with positive regard).
2) must be in positive state of mind, people become destructive when something interferes with this process.
3) This is a humans’ basic motive (develops self-worth + positive regard)
4) If this is achieved then it is called ‘congruence’
if not… ‘incongruent’
Who was Alfred Bandura and what was his theory?
a physiologist who came up with the MODELLING THEORY
What were Alfred Bandura main ideas?
1) it was about the way a person’s emotions and actions can change because of a role model in their life
2) gave us a Deeper understanding of how our cognitive brain works (the way we act + learn)
3) situations cause different reactions in people
What was the Modeling Theory
4 part theory…
1) Attention: when someone notices the behavior of a person and start to imitate their actions/behavior.
- Attention is whether someone chooses to mimic that one person instead of rest of the people we see daily.
2) Retention: how well remembered the certain behavior is
- If not well remembered… person will not imitate the actions again
3) Reproduction: ability to physically perform the imitation (Ex: sometimes we are unable to mock certain actions but are unable to because of lack of physical strength or flexibility)
4) Motivation: person’s willingness to mimic a behavior
- Rewards/punishments determine whether the person will perform behavior or not.
What was Howard Gardner’s theory?
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES THEORY
1) Verbal - Linguistic: person's ability to analyze information + produce oral + written language work (speeches, essays, emails, books) 2) Logical - Mathematical: ability to develop equations + proofs, make calculations, solve problems 3) Visual - Spatial: allows people to comprehend maps + other types to graphical information 4) Musical: produce + make meaning of different sounds 5) Bodily - Kinesthetic: using one's body to create products / solve problems 6) Interpersonal: ability to see + understand other people's mood, desires, motivations, intentions 7) Intrapersonal: ability to see assess same^^ characteristics within themselves
What was Lev Vygotsky’s theory
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
What was the Social Development Theory
included: Social development, Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD, More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) (are all connected)
What is ZPD
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): idea that someone can do a task without knowing how to do it as long as they have assistance.
1) How social interactions we make throughout adolescents + play develop our cognition 2) How potential for growth + cognitive development are crucial in the development dependent in the ZPD, and what children can and cannot do
What was important about Jane Goodall?
1) created HUMAN/ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT (CHIMPS) theory.
2) showed how much similarity there is between humans + chimps
3) studied behavior of chimps+ learned how they adapted to environment
What was Alfred Adler’s theory?
BIRTH ORDER THEORY
what made the Birth Order Theory important?
1) it was about how a child’s position in his/her family would ship their personality + how they acted in life
2) Main IDEA: parents treat their children differently due to the order they were born in, these differences cause children to think +act differently
List Birth Order Theory
1) Oldest Child (GIVE EXAMPLE OF EACH)
- Seen as less of a child
- Given most responsibility
- Very dominate in social situations because always leader at home
2) Second Born
- Feels like there are always in shadow of other siblings, causes them to be very competitive (trying to overcome older sibling)
3) Other middle child
- Peacemakers/diplomats of the family because they don’t want anyone to dislike them since they don’t get the same attention as oldest + youngest children
4) Youngest Children: Parent’s favorite
5) Twins
- identity problems
- always striving to differentiate themselves from the other
- Always a more dominant, confident, outgoing twin + a shadow twin
6) All girls/boys: if only 1 boy/girl, boy/girl will become influenced
Who was the creator of the ‘Unconscious Mind’?
Carl Jung
What was so important about Carl Jung’s theory and explain the collective conscious, conscious mind/ego, and personal unconscious
- he created Archetypes: universal symbol that reappears over time. It includes models of people’s behavior, personalities, and collective unconscious
1) Collective Unconscious: part of mind that is derived from ancestral memory. In 1 shape/form identical to all humankind. (ex: compare collective unconscious to basic instincts)
2) Conscious Mind/Ego: ‘Control Centre’. Holds identity, thoughts, feelings, can control when + what can be accessed by memory
3) Personal Unconscious: the part that arises from the interact between collective unconscious + person’s personal growth. Holds memories / information that has been forgotten (person is unable to recall them)
Who invented the Development Theory?
Erik Erikson
