HSK Grammar Flashcards
Grammar
极了
“jíle” can be placed after an adjective or feeling verb to mean “extremely”. When “jíle” is used after an adjective, we cannot add another adverb of degree before it (e.g. 很，非常）
今天热极了。It is extremely hot today.
HSK3 Unit 1
Grammar
多大；几岁
“duōdà” is a common way to ask about age. If the expected answer is an age below 10 “jǐsuì” can also be used.
你多大了？你几岁了？How old are you?
HSK1 Unit 1
Grammar
多少
“duōshao” is often used to ask about a quantity greater than 10. The measure word can be added after “duōshao” or can be omitted.
这里有多少本书？How many books are here?
HSK1 unit 2
Grammar
不 VS 没有
- “bù” is normally used to negate a current or future action. “méi yǒu” is used to negate past actions.
- However, before the verb “是” or adjectives, only “bù” may be used.
- “méiyǒu” can also be used as a verb, where it is the negative of the verb “to have”, and can be followed by an object. “bù” cannot be used this way.
- 他不是学生，是老师。
- 我没有钱。
1. 昨天我没有去商店。
HSK1 unit 2
Grammar
叫
- “jiào” is a verb, often used to inquire about someone’s name.
- “jiào” can also be used in the structure “A+jiào+B+verb”, where it means: A tells B to do something.
- 妈妈叫我去买水果。
1. 你叫什么名字？
HSK1 Unit 2
Grammar
回
“huí” indicates that someone comes back from a certain location to their original location. Don’t add “去” if it’s followed by a single character object such as “回家” or “回国”.
你什么时候回家？When will you go home?
HSK1 unit 3
Grammar
是。。。。的
To emphasize time, place, or manner for an action that has already happened, “shì…de” can be used. The emphasis is on the word(s) between “shì” and “de”.
我是2017年来中国的。It is in 2017 that I came to China (to emphasize the time).
HSK1 unit 3
Grammar
VERB + 好/会/见
“hǎo”, “huì”, or “jiàn” can be added after other verbs to add a conclusion or result to the verb.
1. “verb + hǎo” indicates that an action has been completed to satisfaction.
2. “verb + huì” indicates that through a certain action a skill has been acquired.
3. “verb + jiàn” is used with sense verbs (看, 听, 闻) generally, and it is to show that the action has a certain result.
4. Negative form is “没(有) + verb + hǎo, huì, jiàn”
- 弟弟学会游泳了。
- 你可以听见我说话吗？
- 我没有看见他。
1. 我买好东西了。
HSK1 unit 3
Grammar
前
“qián” can come after time or verbs to indicate a period before this time or action.
Structure is: “time/verb + “qián”
我喜欢睡觉前看电影。I like to watch movies before I fall asleep.
女儿五点前回家。
HSK1 unit 3
Grammar
会 VS 能 VS 可以
- “huì” refers to an ability that can be acquired through learning, or that something can happen or is likely to happen. It’s negative form is “不+会+verb”.
- “néng” indicates possibility and permission, and is often used in negative sentences or interrogative sentences.
- 我能坐这儿吗？你不能坐这儿。
1. 你会说韩语吗？/ 明天不会下雨。
HSK1
Grammar
LOCATION + 是/有 + (quantifier) + NOUN
This structure can tell us how many people or objects are at a certain location.
桌子上是什么？桌子上有一本书。
HSK1 unit 3
Grammar
次
“cì” is used to indicate how many times an action has taken place. If there is a location word acting as an object, “cì” can both be placed before or after the object. However, if the object is a person, “cì” may only come after the object.
Structure is:
1. “verb + cì + location”
2. “verb + location + cì”
3. “verb + person + cì”
- 儿子每个星期回来一次。
1. 我去过三次北京/我去过北京三次。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
时间 VS 时候
“shíjiān” and “shíhou” can both indicate a point or period of time.
1. However, in the structure “有/没有时间“, we can only use “shíjiān”, not “shíhou”.
2. In the structure “。。。的时候“, we can only use “shíhou”, not “shíjiān”.
- 刚来中国的时候，我不会说韩语。
1. 你现在有时间吗？
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
已经
“yǐjīng” means the completion of an action or a state. In the sentence it presents, “了” is added at the end.
现在已经12点了。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
真
“zhēn” means indeed or really. It is put before the verb or adjective.
这件衣服真漂亮。
我真想回家。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
吧
“ba” is used at the end of an imperative sentence to suggest the action.
我们买点儿水果吧。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
过
“guò” is put after the verb to mean a particular experience happened in the past or the completion of an action.
Formula is:
subject + verb + “guò” + (object)
subject + 没有 + verb + “guò” + (object)
我看过这个电影。
他没有去过北京。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
从 + A + 到 + B
This structure shows the start of something to the end of something, either via action or time.
1. “cóng” + A + “dào” + B means the start of A, and B is the end.
2. “cóng” + A + “dào” + B means the time when the A action starts to the time when B action ends
1. 从我家到学校很远。
2. 从星期一到星期五都要下雨。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
了 VS 过
“le” and “guò” are both auxiliary words that can be placed after a verb.
1. verb + “le” : indicates an action already happened, and that it has been completed or that it’s a continuing state
2. verb + “guo” : indicates that an action once happened or a state that once existed, but is no longer happening when talking about it.
3. negative = 没有 : however, when used, remove “le” but keep “guò”
- 他一年前来过中国。
- 昨天没有去学校。 / 没有看过这个电影。
1. 他一年前来了中国。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
正在
“zài” or “zhèng zài” means to be in the process of the action.
1. “zài/zhèng zài” + verb + (呢) : shows the action is happening now or at a certain point
2. 没 + “zài” + verb : negates and has no “呢”
- 他没在看电视。
1. 他正在做饭（呢）。昨天晚上7点我在看书呢。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar & measure word
只
measure word for animals
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
往
“wǎng” means “to; toward”. After “wǎng”, words expressing direction or place can be added to mean the direction of an action.
从这儿往前走。
我现在正在往家走。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
比
“bǐ” is used to contrast two things.
Formula:
* A + “bǐ” + B + adj + (extent/degree)
你比她漂亮。
我的苹果比他的大一点儿。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
离
“lí” means the distance of space.
Formula:
* A + “lí” + B + adj
这儿离饭店很近。
我家里学校不远。
Grammar
VERB + 的 + NOUN
This structure creates emphasis on the action and object， and makes the sentence passive.
Structure: verb + “de” + noun object
我做的饭很好吃。The food I make is very tasty.
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
一点儿 VS 有点儿
“yìdiǎnr” and “yǒudiǎnr” can both indicate a small quantity or a low degree.
1. “yìdiǎnr” can act as a quantifier, but “yǒudiǎnr” cannot. Thus, structure for this is: “yìdiǎnr” + noun.
2. “yǒudiǎnr” indicates a little, but unsatisfactory. Thus, the structure for this is: “yǒudiǎnr” + adj
3. When an adjective comes before “yìdiǎnr”, a comparison is made to show that the difference is small. Thus, the structure is: adj + “yìdiǎnr”
1. 我想喝一点儿水。
2. 今天有点儿冷。/ 这件衣服有点儿大。
3. 这件衣服太大了，有小一点儿的吗？
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
还
“hái” can mean “still; yet”.
1. Can be used to indicate the action is continuing/ongoing.
2. Can be used to show a previous action repeated again.
3. Can mean that someone wants to elaborate on something said just before.
- 他昨天来过，明天还来。
- 我们玩得很高兴，还认识了一些新朋友。
1. 十点了，他还在睡觉。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
别
“bié” can be to dissuade or prohibit someone from doing something.
Formula:
* “bié” + verb/adj + 了
你别吃了。
HSK2 unit 1
Grammar
就
“jiù” means immediately and can be used to indicate the speaker’s thoughts on the subject.
1. Can be to show the speaker thinks the action is early or takes less time. Thus, structure is: “jiù” + verb
2. Can be to show the speaker thinks and affirms the sentence as fact. Thus, the structure is: “jiù” + verb
1. 我8点就到了。I only arrived at 8.
2. 他就是大卫。That’s David.
HSK2 unit 1
