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H-SCI FINAL > HSCI_LEC5 > Flashcards

HSCI_LEC5 Flashcards

1
Q

These are released by axon terminals of neurons into the synaptic junctions and act locally to control nerve cell functions

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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2
Q

These are released by the glands or specialized
cells to the circulating blood and influence the
function of target cells at another location of the body

A

ENDOCRINE HORMONES

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3
Q

These are secreted by neurons into the circulating blood and influence the function of target cells at another location of the body

A

NEUROENDOCRINE HORMONES

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4
Q

Are secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid
and affect neighboring targets cells at a different type

A

PARACRINES

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5
Q

Secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect the function of the same cells that produce them

A

AUTOCRINES

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6
Q

These are peptides secreted by cells into the
extracellular fluid and can function as autocrines, paracrines, or endocrine hormones

A

CYTOKINES

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7
Q

are chemical substances that are secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids and regulate the metabolic activity of the other cells of the body

A

Hormones

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8
Q

MAJOR ENDOCRINE ORGANS ARE:

A

HYPOTHALAMUS
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
POSTERIOR PITUITARY
THYROID
ADRENAL CORTEX
ADRENAL MEDULLA
PANCREAS
PARATHYROID
TESTES
OVARIES
PLACENTA
KIDNEY
HEART
STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
ADIPOCYTES

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9
Q

They are lipid-soluble; Water-soluble hormones

A

steroids; peptides and
catecholamines

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10
Q

What are the CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF HORMONES

A

1.) PROTEINS AND POLYPEPTIDES
2.) STEROIDS
3.) DERIVATIVES OF TYROSINE

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11
Q

used the mechanism of direct gene
activation

A

Steroid hormones and thyroid
hormones

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12
Q

used the second messenger system

A

water-soluble and non-steroid hormones (polypeptides)

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13
Q

 It is approximately the size of a pea. It hangs from a stock from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain wherein it is surrounded by sella tursica of the sphenoid bone
Called as the “master gland” because despite its size, of affects several glands including your thyroid, adrenal cortex, ovaries, mammary glands, and pancreas.

A

PITUITARY GLAND

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14
Q

Anterior pituitary is also called

A

adenohypophysis

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14
Q

posterior pituitary is also called

A

neurohypophysis

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14
Q

5 cell types of anterior pituitary gland:

A

SOMATOTROPES
CORTICOTROPES
THYROTROPES
GONADOTROPES
LACTOTROPES

15
Q

Decrease secretion of all the anterior pituitary
hormones;
The general effect of adult panhypopituitarism
are:
 Hyperthyroidism
 Decrease production of glucocorticoids
by the adrenal glands
 Supressed secretion of the gonodotropic
hormones that sexual functions are lost

A

PANHYPOPITUITARISM

16
Q

is a result from generalized deficiency of the anterior pituitary secretion or panhypopituitarism during childhood

A

DWARFISM

17
Q

Occasionally, the acidophilic growth hormone
producing cells of the anterior pituitary became excessively active.
If condition occurs before adolescence before
the epiphysis of the bones become fused with the shafts, height increase so that the person
becomes a giant.

A

GIGANTISM

18
Q

Usually results if the acidophilic tumors occur
after adolescence. That is after the epiphysis of the long bone have fused with the shafts.

A

ACROMEGALY

19
Q

One of the largest endocrine glands. Usually the weight is 15-20 grams

A

THYROID GLAND

20
Q

is composed mainly of glial cells
called pituicytes

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

21
Q

is a general term for the enlargement of
thyroid gland
 The cause may be _____, tumors
(adenomas or sometimes carcinomas)

A

GOITER ;Grave’s disease

22
Q

 The most common form of hyperthyroidism
 An autoimmune disease in which antibodies
called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins form against the TSH receptor in the thyroid gland

A

GRAVE’ S DISEASE

23
Q

 This conditions exhibit low thyroid hormone
levels
The _____ develops in persons who have
almost total lack of thyroid hormone function
 Shows the patient demonstrating the
bagginess of the eye and the swelling of the face

A

MYXEDEMA

24
Q

 Caused by extreme hypothyroidism during
fetal life
 This condition is characterized by failure of
body growth and by mental retardation that
results from congenital lack of thyroid gland,

A

CRETINISM

25
Q

are found superior to your kidneys. These are otherwise known as suprarenal glands

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

26
Q

3 DISTINCT LAYERS OF ADRENAL CORTEX

A

ZONA GLOMERULOSA
ZONA FASICULATA
ZONA RETICULATA

27
Q

 Results from the inability of the adrenal
cortices to produce sufficient adrenal cortical
hormones

A

ADDISON’ S DISEASE (HYPOADRENALISM)

28
Q

 Hypersecretion of your adrenal cortex causes a complex cascade of hormone effects found in this syndrome

A

CUSHING’ S SYNDROME (HYPERADRENALISM)

29
Q

The pancreas is both an exocrine and AN
endocrine gland

A

PANCREAS

H-SCI FINAL (1 decks)

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