Hsci 442 Midterm 2

Question 1

What are autosomes?

Answer 1

22 of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes are “autosomes”

Question 2

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 2

1 of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes

Question 3

Chromosome 21

Answer 3

Down syndrome

Question 4

Henderson Hasslebach Equation?

Answer 4

pH = pKa + log [A-] / [HA]

Question 5

How do you find pKa?

Answer 5

pKa = -log (5.6 x 10^-10)

Question 6

Chromosome 13

Answer 6

Patau Syndrome

Question 7

Chromosome 18

Answer 7

Edwards Syndrome

Question 8

Missing X chromosome

Answer 8

Turner Syndrome

Question 9

Females with extra X chromosome

Answer 9

Trisomy X

Question 10

Makes with extra Y chromosome

Answer 10

XYY syndrome

Question 11

What are EH?

Answer 11

encode proteins that metabolize cyclic ether compounds

Question 12

What are G6DP?

Answer 12

Encodes for the cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the reaction

Question 13

Proteomes?

Answer 13

The entirety of proteins in existence in an organism throughout its life cycle. (Also in stimulations).

Question 14

Genotype?

Answer 14

Collection of alleles in a persons chromosome

Question 15

Genes?

Answer 15

Working subunits of DNA that contain a code for a specific product (usually a protein) and instructions for making cells and what goes on inside them.

Question 16

Phenotype?

Answer 16

Set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction with the environment.

Question 17

Metabolome?

Answer 17

Represents the collection of all metabolites in a biological organism.

Question 18

Codon?

Answer 18

A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA/RNA molecule.

Question 19

Base pairs of DNA?

Answer 19

ATCG: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.

Question 20

Base pairs of RNA?

Answer 20

AUCG: Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.

Question 21

Which ethnic group does Tay sachs affect?

Answer 21

Eastern Jewish

Question 22

What is Tay Sachs?

Answer 22

Abnormal lipid metabolism.

Question 23

Which ethnic group does Sickle Cell Anemia affect?

Answer 23

African, African-American, Mediterranean

Question 24

What is sickle shaped anemia?

Answer 24

Sickle shaped RBC, and hemoglobin formation is abnormal.

Question 25

Diet

Answer 25

Genes respond to different phenotypes and nutrients.

Question 26

Benefits of newborn screening?

Answer 26

Can track levels of phenylalanine, which high levels can cause buildup in the serum.

Question 27

Which chromosome is affected by cystic fibrosis?

Answer 27

Chromosome 7.

Question 28

What causes Down's Syndrome?

Answer 28

Extra chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21).

Question 29

Diseases related to multifactorial inheritance?

Answer 29

- Alzheimers - Heart disease - Intelligence - Schizophrenia - Neural tube defects.

Question 30

How is pH regulated by the lungs and kidneys?

Answer 30

Lungs release Carbonic Acid and Kidneys release bicarbonate.

Question 31

How is alcohol metabolized?

Answer 31

Alcohol is metabolized via ADH, ALDH, Catalase, and Cytochrome.

Question 32

Where is OB found?

Answer 32

In mice.

Question 33

Alcohol Metabolism occurs where?

Answer 33

In the liver.

Question 34

Proof vs % alcohol?

Answer 34

Proof is that of double of % alcohol. | Ex. 80 proof = 40% alcohol.

Question 35

What are the functions/outcome of human genome project?

Answer 35

Classifies the association between genes and physiological function.

Question 36

HapMap Project?

Answer 36

Aimed to develope a map of the human genome to find genetic variants affecting health, disease, and responses to drugs.