HSC - Woodwork Flashcards
Timber Structure - Cross section
- Bark/epidermis
- Cambium layer
- Phloem/Xylem
- Sapwood
- Growth ring
- Medullary rays
- Latewood
- Early-wood
- Heartwood
- Pith
Properties and Characteristics - Timber
- figure – grain direction – texture – colour – strength – durability – weight – hardness – weathering
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
Timber industry terms
1) Grade
2) Sizes
- timber boards
- Manufactured boards
Timber Defects
– splits – checks – warping – shakes – bowing – knots – twists and winds
Planning
-- sketches – working drawings – materials lists – calculations – costing
Preparation of Timber
– dressing
– thicknessing
– face
– edge
Widening Joints
– dowelled butt – tongue and groove – rebate – groove and feather – biscuit
Framing Joints
– mitre – halving joints – dowelled – box pin – mortise and tenon joints – bridle joints
Carcase Joints
– rebate
– scribed
– dovetail
– housing
Construction Techniques
– sawing – drilling – edge treatments – nailing and screwing – sanding – scraping – turning – carving – inlaying – marquetry – veneering – parquetry and intarsia – laminating – bending – routing
Assembly of components
– test, fit and check joints
– dry cramp
– use of cramps
– testing for square and flatness
Finishing
– preparation – staining – filling – oils – finishes (oil and water-based) – shellac – french polish – spray finishes
– environmental issues associated with finishing
– industrial processes
Timber recovery and conversion
– sawing: live, quarter, back – flitches and burls – stability – seasoning: air, kiln – equilibrium moisture content (EMC)
Timber Selection considerations
– plantation timbers – exotic timbers – recycling/reusing timbers – ‘green’ timbers – economical usage/waste minimisation – environmental issues/pollution – sustainability – WHS issues
Manufactured boards
– construction and manufacture, veneers, plywood, particle board, fibre boards, block and lamiboards – glues – environmental/WHS issues
Hardware and Fitting
– screws – nails – nuts – bolts – knockdown fittings – hinges – handles – knobs – staples/staple guns – drawer runners – table clips – latches – catches – shelf hangers
Other materials used in timber projects
– glass – metal – polymers – upholstery materials – composite materials
Adhesives
– PVA – epoxy resin – hot melt – urea-formaldehyde – resorcinol – contact
Bark/Epidermis
Outside protective layer
Phloem and xylem
PHLOEM = vascular tissue in charge of transport and distribution of the organic nutrients.
XYLEM = vascular tissue in plants which conducts water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.
Cambium Layer
Layer of actively dividing cells between xylem (wood) and phloem (bast) tissues that is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots (secondary growth occurs after the first season and results in increase in thickness).
Medullary rays
cellular structures found in some species of wood perpendicular to growth rings. horizontal cells for food storage and conducting it radially. from the pith to out zones
Sapwood
soft outer layers of recently formed wood between the heartwood and the bark, containing the functioning vascular tissue.