HSC Sources and Quotes

Question 1

House of Centenary

Answer 1

Wall painting of Mt Vesuvius with grapes and a snake.

Question 2

Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemsk contributions

Answer 2

Discovered olive trees and grape vines, contributing to knowledge of cultivation in Pompeii.

Question 3

Giuseppe Fiorelli contributions

Answer 3

Divided Pompeii into 9 Regio’s. Founded the plaster casting preservation method.

Question 4

Findings in the House of Faun (Greek and Egyptian)

Answer 4

Mosaics of sea life
Mosaic of Alexander the Great
Corinthian Columns peristyle - Greek
Mosaics of Crocodiles, hippos and Ibis - Egypt.

Question 5

House of Julia Felix contribution to knowledge on Pompeii women

Answer 5

Rented out in 62AD after earthquake, inherited property made her lots of money.

Question 6

“Mens sana in corpore san”

Answer 6

“A sound mind in a sound body”

Question 7

House of the Deerin

Answer 7

Herculaneum - Frescoes of typically served food like bread, rabbit, nuts and more.

Question 8

Compluvium and the impluviums use

Answer 8

Complivium is a whole in the roof, the impluvium catches rain water to use.

Question 9

What does the Tomb of Scaurus have inscribed

Answer 9

Scenes of gladiator battles and stats on his battles.

Question 10

Findings from Estelle Lazers research on skeletons

Answer 10

Can determine their sex, age, death and diseases.

Question 11

Great Pompeii Project 2011

Answer 11

Funded by European Regional Development and Italian government in efforts to restore Pompeii.

Question 12

Plutarch in relations to The Great Rhetra

Answer 12

“Their state was overloaded with a multitude of indigent and necessitous persons”.

Question 13

PH Kelly in relations to land distribution in Sparta

Answer 13

Sparta didn’t have equal property - backed by Aristotle, rejected by Plutarch.

Question 14

Xenophon x2 in regards to the Agoge

Answer 14

“To make the boys craftier… and cultivate their war-like instincts”
“When the froth of insolence rises to the surface;… the most violent appetites for pleasure invade the mind”.

Question 15

Thomas J Figueira in relation to coinage

Answer 15

“Coinage would have had to be well established for it to be banned in the first place”.

Question 16

Goddess and her Temple in Sparta

Answer 16

Temple of Artemis Orthia - cult for growth and fertility, used to educate, make animal sacrifices and liberate water/wine.
Holds an annual cheese stealing ritual to build endurance in youths.
Had 1000’s of wood carved statuettes.
Centre had a statue with wings of AO.

Question 17

Herodotus in relation to the Death of a king in Sparta.

Answer 17

“Men and women together strike their foreheads with every sign of grief”.

Question 18

Emma Southen x2 in relation to Agrippina

Answer 18

“Looms large as a symbol of everything wrong with the imperial system”.
“Agrippina only exists when her actions impact the lives of men”.

Question 19

Sebasteion in Aphrodisias reliefs of Agrippina

Answer 19

‘Crowning Nero’ and the other with her wearing a diadem’.

Question 20

What is the Gemma Claudia

Answer 20

Relief of Claudius and ATY against Germanicus and ATE, represents succession.

Question 21

Barrett on Gaius’ reign

Answer 21

“Sees the principals as an expression of his right to exercise unchecked powers”.

Question 22

Suetonius mentions of Nero

Answer 22

He held trials in public venues, usually secret.

Question 23

Tiberius’ criticism of Sejanus

Answer 23

Says he was “insatiable in ambition”

Question 24

Building programs by each emperor

Answer 24

Tiberius: Restoration of Pompeii theatre.

Gaius: Temple of Augustus, Aqua Claudia/Anio Novis.

Claudius: Harbour at Ostia.

Nero: Planned for colonnaded streets in Romes reconstruction after the 64AD fire.

Question 25

P. Matyszak on the nature of the principate - during Nero’s reign.
+ Tacitus mentions

Answer 25

“The principate was revealed as a naked military dictatorship”

Tacitus says there was political instability due to the reliance of military power in that period.

Question 26

Tacitus in regards to Seneca guiding Nero

Answer 26

“Controlling the emperors pellets adolescence”.

Question 27

Evidence of the Imperial Cult in Britain - Claudius

Answer 27

Bronze Head of Claudius in Suffolk 1907

Question 28

Evidence of Imperial Cult in Egypt

Answer 28

Imperial Chapel at the Temple of Amun Karnak with 14 statues of the Roman emperors.

Question 29

Evidence of Imperial Cult - Nero

Answer 29

Statue of Nero at the Temple of Mars Ultor - first time an emperor is directly attributed to a god.

Question 30

Politics example (kinda) - Suggestum

Answer 30

Raised platform for public speaking in the forum.

Question 31

Spartan Poetry - Alcman (7th century BC) - Overview

Answer 31

Known for Partheneia (women choir songs). Poetry reflects cultural and social aspects before military transformation.
- Celebrates nature and beauty
- reflect on human emotions
- praise spartan maidens

Question 32

Alcman - sources

Answer 32

Fragment 1 (Partheneion): “Hagesichora is lovely as a shining star”.
Exclaims beauty of young Spartan Women.

Plutarch comments: “His works reveal a Spartan not yet shaped by the harsh discipline of Lycurgus”.

Question 33

Spartan Poetry - Tyrtaeus (7th century BC) Overview

Answer 33

Believed to live in second Messenian War (650 BC). Poetry reflects military value.
- Importance to die for city-state
- praise courage and contempt cowards

Question 34

Tyrtaeus - Sources

Answer 34

Elegy 12: “it is a noble thing for a good man to fall and die, fighting for his fatherland”.
Tyrtaeus praises those who fight bravely.

Plutarch comments: “victory comes through bravery and strength of heart” - Plutarch promotes ideas.

Question 35

Agrippina quotes on rise to power through her family

Answer 35

Suetonius: “controlled Claudius entirely and made every effort to secured Nero’s place”

Cassius Dio: “conscious of her ancestry and her son’s claim to the throne, used her family lineage to push Nero into power”

Barrett: “Agrippina’s rise to power was a deliberate and calculated strategy, relying heavily on her Julio-Claudia bloodline and her ability to manipulate”.

Question 36

Gymnopraedia Festival

Answer 36

Celebrate victory in battle of Thyrea over Arges 550BCE. Images of Apollo and Artemis in cross to represent community. Singing and performance, men with no son or wife can’t attend.

Question 37

Karneia Festival

Answer 37

9 days in August, celebrate migration from north and colonisation of the Doric people. Footrace with men with no son vs grape cluster man (perches for city gods to abandon), good luck if men catch him, bad luck otherwise.