HSC Final Review Flashcards
Which population group tends to drink very little or abstain from alcohol because of a biological reaction to alcohol?
Asian Americans
Your friend was arrested for drunken driving; police said they had smelled alcohol on his breath. How is this possible?
The body excretes some alcohol directly into exhaled air
You drank far too much last night, and as a result this morning you feel like you have a bad case of the flu. The best way to cope with your hangover is to
take a painkiller and rest until you feel better.
Alcohol abuse can lead directly to all of the following, EXCEPT
lung cancer.
Which of the following is TRUE of cigar smoking?
Cigars contain more nicotine than cigarettes.
Smoking is estimated to play a role in ______ percent of all cancer deaths.
30
Approximately _____ percent of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.
87
What is the most commonly used illicit drug among persons aged 12 and older?
marijuana
The highest rates of illicit drug use occur among adults aged __________________.
18-20
The most common form of drug use among teens aged 12-13 is ___________________.
nonmedical use of prescription drugs
Compared to other routes of administration, ___________________ is the most complicated way for a drug to enter the bloodstream.
oral consumption
Paco has come to depend on heroin to be able to function normally. A few weeks ago, he attempted to cut himself off,
but he experienced severe diarrhea. Paco’s case illustrates which of the following concepts?
withdrawal syndrome
Most drugs are taken
orally
Amphetamines fall under which category of drugs?
stimulants
What is the leading cause of unintentional injury death for Americans at all ages?
motor vehicle crashes
All children age ____ and younger should ride in the back seat.
12
What is the most common cause of injury visits to the emergency room for younger children and older adults?
falls
What causes the majority of back injuries?
poor lifting technique
Which of the following statements is TRUE about elder abuse?
The typical abuser is a family member.
Which of the following are most likely to be victims of child abuse?
Newborns and infants
All of the following are part of the cycle of domestic violence, EXCEPT
self-assertion by the victim.
There are ____ chambers in the human heart.
4
Which of the following statements regarding symptoms of heart attacks is FALSE?
All symptoms occur in all cases; they are just not always recognized.
A blood clot that develops at a distant site and then travels to a blood vessel, where it becomes lodged and blocks
blood flow, is called what?
embolism
Kevin woke up and had difficulty speaking. He went to the hospital and, several hours later, his speech was back to normal.
What medical condition best describes Kevin’s situation?
transient ischemic attack
The optimal range for blood pressure level is
systolic – less than 120; diastolic – less than 80.
Which of the following ethnic population groups has the highest rate of hypertension?
African American
Which of the following is NOT one of the known major controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
vitamin deficiency
Cells that are capable of unlimited division and retain the ability to become different cell types are called
stem cells.
What determines the type of cancer a person is diagnosed with?
the tissue or primary site where a cancer originates
Which of the following environments is NOT considered a risk factor for increased exposure to carcinogens?
dense forests
Which of the following statements regarding tobacco use and cancer is FALSE?
Smokers are no more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers.
Which of the following statements about diet’s effect on cancer is FALSE?
Diets high in fiber appear to increase the risk of colon cancer.
Which of the following statements about sun exposure is FALSE?
Sunburns during adulthood seem to be the most strongly associated with melanoma.
Which of the following statements regarding lung cancer is FALSE?
Chest X-rays are recommended as a routine screening test for lung cancer.
Which of the following statements about barrier methods of contraception is FALSE?
The contraceptive sponge reduces the rate of sexually transmitted disease transmission.
The potential complications of taking oral contraceptives include all of the following, EXCEPT
seizures.
Which of the following statements regarding emergency contraceptives is FALSE?
Emergency contraceptives are considered abortogenic agents.
Mandy has been taking her temperature every morning with an accurate basal body thermometer; Mandy is most likely using which type of contraception?
fertility awareness method
Trisha and Josh recently adopted a child, Julie. Before the adoption, Trisha, Josh, and Julie’s biological parents worked out an agreement to continue contact indefinitely and meet three times a year. This case is an example of which type of adoption?
open
Which of the following statements about abortion is FALSE?
Both medical and surgical abortions can be performed up to 12 weeks’ gestation.
Which of the following statements about mifepristone, the drug used in medical abortions, is FALSE?
Mifepristone can be used during the first 16 weeks of pregnancy.
How long does a typical pregnancy last?
40 weeks
The term used to describe the speed and intensity with which a pathogen is likely to cause an infection is ______________.
virulence
When a tick transfers Lyme disease from a deer to a human, the tick is considered the _____________ in the chain of infection.
vector
Which of the following statements regarding bacteria and viruses is FALSE?
Viruses are able to replicate on their own.
Megan suffers from candidiasis. Which type of microorganism has infected Megan?
fungus
Tapeworms are in which category of organisms involved in human infection and disease?
helminth
All of the following are chemical barriers involved in immunity, EXCEPT
skin.
After an infection or immunization, memory cells develop and can lead to a rapid response if the same organism is
encountered by the body again. The person is said to have
immunity.
