HSC Flashcards
Issues related to research
Funding sources ( 4 sources )
Patents ( exclusive rights over product )
Plant breeders rights ( protect new species )
Animal welfare and legislation ( animal research act and POCTAA )
Contracts ( research companies )
Whole farm planning
Property design and management based on natural resources
Assess land capability and potential
Inform farmers about decision on the direction of the farm maintaining sustainability
Take advantage of catchments
Strengths and weaknesses of the property
Catchment management authorities
Improving and integrating the management of the land = sustainable balance
Water:
- conserve water Murrumbidgee catchment area
- restricted stock access maintaining water quality
Soils:
- minimum tillage and Rotational grazing maintaining soil quality
- native vegetation
Waterways:
- controlling willow trees on the banks reducing sediment
- increasing vegetation cover in areas where salinity is an issue
Land care
Controls issues such as land degradation
Soils:
- provide information on managing soil issues (salinity, acidity and sodicity)
- maintains plant species preventing soil erosion
Water:
- customise, analyse and implant conservative irrigation schemes
- monitor water sources ensuring conservation and sustainability
- Encourage safe chemical use
Managing plant competition
Planting at correct densities and spacing
Applying appropriate level of fertiliser and water
Weeds: Herbicides Plant competitive crops and pastures Biological control Cut pick bag and burn Mechanical control Grazing
Fertility of animals
Genetics Environment ( heat reduces fertility) Pest and disease Management Nutrition (flushing )
Oestrus synchronisation
+ same cycle allows for AI
- cost
Progesterone technique (sponge) Prostaglandin injection (stimulates releases of prostaglandin)
Multiple ovulation
+ increases embryos/cows productivity lifetime
- only used in conjunction with embryo transfer program
Females given prostaglandin to increase amount of eggs produced
Embryo transfer
+ many offspring produced to freeze for later use
- cost
Removing the excess embryos from superior cow and inseminated into host cows
Artificial insemination
+ superior offspring, no need for aggressive males and reduced stress on cows
- lower conception rates, cost
Use of superior semen placed inside receptive females
Pacific A grade Oysters
Top shell length: 100-120 mm
Weight: 24g
Clarity of the mantel
Fullness of shell: 70%+
Pacific c grade ‘thrifty’ Oyster
Top shell length: 60-70mm
Weight: 11g
Less clarity of mantle and fullness of shell
Robotics
De Larval
Best suited to Australia and Germany 300-800 cows
VMS ( voluntary milking system)
AMS ( automatic milking system)
\+flexible Decreases hours of manual labour Lifestyle changes Increased data collected Increased hygiene Time management of other aspects of the farm
- decrease time with cows
Cost of initial set up
Unpredictable problems
Teaching period for cows to use VMS/AMS properly
Integrated pest management
The use of two or more control methods to reduce the population of the pest organism
Biological control Resistant varieties Pesticide/insecticides/herbicide Growing a healthy tolerant crop Monitoring pest population Managing crops and weeds Community approach
IPM: reducing chemical resistance
Uses less chemicals
Using
