HS 411 Exam 2

Question 1

Passive Support

Answer 1

Quietly sympathetic with the insurgents, but unwilling to provide material assistance.-Not likely to betray the insurgents; however, can and do provide valuable intelligence to the insurgency

Question 2

Active Support

Answer 2

Willing to make sacrifices and risk personal harm by either joining the movement or providing the insurgents with shelter, money, intelligence, concealment, guides, etc.-Also includes people who carry out acts of civil disobedience that may result in punishment

Question 3

DIME

Answer 3

Diplomacy, information, Military and economic

Question 4

Intellectuals

Answer 4

In developed countries, the terms intelligentsia and intellectual class are usually associated with leading thinkers.

Question 5

Masses

Answer 5

In developing countries, the term masses generally refers to uneducated, working-class people of lower socio-economic class

Question 6

Charismatic Attraction

Answer 6

Sometimes, assertive individuals emerge as clearly identifiable leaders of insurgent movements. Leaders with “supernatural” qualities, captivating oratorical skills, and dynamic, forceful personalities generate “Charismatic Attraction”.

Question 7

Esoteric Appeals

Answer 7

are meant to be understood by, or meant for, only a select, privileged few. Mostly meant for the intelligentsia

Question 8

Exoteric Appeals

Answer 8

focus on the concrete grievances of both the intelligentsia and the masses. Unemployment, hunger, or poverty it is Essential for gaining popular support from the masses. Involves the identification of existing grievances.

Question 9

Terrorism

Answer 9

Using terrorism if the other appeals do not work but need to consider target and time if you trag4et civilians popular support will dwindle if you target people the masses do npot like the might be more in favor of joining you.

Question 10

The eight Points of Attention of Mao

Answer 10

1. Speak politely 2. Pay fairly for what you buy 3. Return everything you borrow 4. Pay for anything you damage 5. Do not hit or swear at people 6. Do not damage crops 7. Do not take liberties with women 8. Do not ill-treat captives

Question 11

The two dimensions of demonstrating insurgent potency

Answer 11

Shadow government “parallel hierarchy” and Military initiative. “Nothing succeeds like success”

Question 12

The two factors determining success of using terrorism tactics to gain popular support.

Answer 12

Target and length

Question 13

Conspiratorial strategy and Urban-warfare strategy

Answer 13

Some types of insurgent strategies stress small, closely knit, and secretive organizations with minimal complexity

Question 14

Military-focus strategy and Protracted-popular war strategy

Answer 14

more sophisticated organizational structures because they normally anticipate a struggle that will involve more support

Question 15

Scope

Answer 15

Refers to the numbers and kinds of people across the political spectrum who support the insurgency, Numbers and kinds of people across the political spectrum, Active and passive roles in the movement, No exact number required for success

Question 16

Complexity

Answer 16

how it is structurally organized. Parallel hierarchies (“shadow governments)-Functional aspects of organizations-Successes & Failures

Question 17

Cohesion

Answer 17

this structural dimension of organization / unity of an insurgency if the Government is strong, insurgent’s court disaster by fighting among themselves and losing coordination-What the insurgents need is a unified command structure

Question 18

The seven causes of disunity

Answer 18

1. Social 2. Political-cultural 3. Personal 4. Teleological 5. Theoretical 6. Strategic 7. Tactical

Question 19

Why the Soviets “lost” the war in Afghanistan and decided to withdraw.

Answer 19

Did not know what the afghans wanted so were pushed out of the country for what they were trying to do the masses did not want to change

Question 20

1. Social

Answer 20

causes of disunity are rooted in the culture and the environment.

Question 21

2. Political cultural

Answer 21

this is especially true where there is low interpersonal and intergroup trust, combined with an aversion to centralized authority.

Question 22

Personal

Answer 22

Particularly when resources are dispersed and no single group is strong enough to eliminate its rivals.

Question 23

4. Teleological

Answer 23

differences over the ultimate political goal that insurgents ought to be pursuing -can be profoundly unsettling to insurgencies.

Question 24

5. Theoretical

Answer 24

Discord about basic theory of man and society can yield quite different prescriptions with respect to required actions, potential friends and enemies, and desired outcomes

Question 25

6. Strategic

Answer 25

if strategies diverge greatly, the result may be radically different, and produce activities that may end up being contradictory

Question 26

7. Tactical

Answer 26

even when there is agreement on the specific types of strategic issues discussed, there may be discord over Tactics, exactly when and where to act.

Question 27

Eight effects of Disunity

Answer 27

1. Disunity can undercut both political and military organizational efforts.
2. Disunity can also result in conflicting political and military policies.
3. deficiency in combat support.-Not sharing intel, logistics, & training
4. The inability to plan, orchestrate, and integrate multiple military operations.
5. The diversion of personnel and materials from attacks against the main enemy to attacks against opponents inside the insurgent movement.
6. The undermining of external support.
7. Outside interference
8. When insurgents eliminate their rivals by killing them or providing information about them to the government in the hope that the authorities will apprehend or eliminate them.

Question 28

The four types of external support

Answer 28

1. Moral Support
2. Political Support
3. Material Support
4. Sanctuary

Question 29

The six features of post-WWII that facilitated acquisition of external support for insurgencies

Answer 29

1. Continuous rivalry between major Communist powers and the West starting in the 1940’s.
2. The Sino-Soviet dispute also motivated assistance to insurgent groups.-The Chinese supported insurgencies against Soviet-backed regimes in both Cambodia and Afghanistan.
3. Is the tendency of Regional States to undermine rival neighbors by providing assistance to dissidents. Iran—-Iraq Egypt—-Libya
4. Private, non-governmental groups and organizations also contribute to insurgent movements. Assistance from other insurgent groups, particularly in the area of training, has also become more prevalent than in the past.
5. The unprecedented production of military weaponry and equipment in today’s world has also made the acquisition of external support easier.
6. The final factor facilitating external support is the global transportation and communications revolution.

Question 30

1. Moral Support

Answer 30

consists of private and public statements that indicate sympathy for insurgents in general terms.

Question 31

2. Political Support

Answer 31

it is marked by explicit and active backing for the ultimate goals of the insurgents in the diplomatic and public arenas.

Question 32

3. Material Support

Answer 32

consists of tangible resources, either used on behalf of insurgents, or given to them directly.

Question 33

4. Sanctuary

Answer 33

a place of refuge, or safety, or immunity from arrest

Question 34

state-sponsors of terrorism

Answer 34

CUBA, IRAN, NORTH KOREA, SYRIA