How do Theca cell and granulosa cell dysfunction contribute to PCOS symptoms?
- Thecal cells overproduce androgens
- Granulosa cells under-convert androgens to estrogen
Hegar sign and Chadwick sign are (presumptive, probable, or positive) signs of pregnancy?
Probable
Definition of puerperium:
From delivery of placenta to 6 weeks postpartum
HELLP syndrome:
- Hemolysis
- Elevated Liver enzymes
- Low Platelets
- Probably represents a severe form of pre-eclampsia
What distinguishes pre-eclampsia from gestational HTN?
Proteinuria
Diagnosis of mild pre-eclampsia:
- BP at least 140/90
- 2nd reading 4-6 hours later must also be elevated
- 300 mg or more protein on 24 hr urine collection (~1-2 on urine dipstick)
Diagnosis of severe pre-eclampsia:
- BP at least 160/110
- 2nd reading 6 hours later must also be elevated
- 5g or more protein on 24 hr urine collection
- SSx of end organ damage (pulmonary edema, RUQ pain, visual changes, HA, elevated LFTs)
Infectious etiologies of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR):
T = toxoplasmosis O = other (syphilis, varicella) R = rubella C = cytomegalovirus H = herpes
Contrast the presentation of placenta previa vs. abruptio placentae:
- Placenta previa: painless vaginal bleeding
- Abruptio placentae: painful vaginal bleeding
What are the crown rump measurements necessary in order to have a meaningful nuchal translucency measurement?
When is it usually done?
What are the normal ranges?
42 - 85 mm
11 - 14 weeks
> 3 is abnormal,
What are the normal ranges for amniotic fluid measurements?
- Maximum vertical pocket (MVP): 2 - 8 cm
- Amniotic fluid index (AFI): 5 - 20 cm
What STI can you diagnose from a wet mount?
Trichomonas
Contrast lichen sclerosis vs lichen planus in regards to anatomic location:
- Lichen sclerosis is almost always confined only to the vulva
- Lichen planus may affect both the vulva and the vagina
Which condition is responsive to treatment with lidocaine, vestibulodynia or generalized unprovoked vulvodynia?
Vestibulodynia
