HRP - Neuro

Question 1

What is diffuse axonal injury?

Answer 1

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), also known as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), is a severe form of traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces. Frequent result of acceleration/deceleration or rotational injuries; frequent cause of persistent vegetative state.

Question 2

In an extradural/ epidural haemorrhage where is the blood collecting and what shape does it make on a scan?

Answer 2

blood between dura and bone, lemon shape

Question 3

In subdural haemorrhage where is the blood collecting and what shape does it make on a scan?

Answer 3

blood between dura and arachnoid mater, banana shape

Question 4

what are the three catagories of spinal tumour and where is the tumour?

Answer 4

Extradural (outside dura), intradural-extramedullary (between spinal cord and dura), intramedullary (within the sustance of the spinal cord)

Question 5

Order the following from the centre of the spincal cord out:
White matter, grey matter, dura mater, ependymal cells, arachnoid mater, extra dural fat and blood
vessels, pia mater, central canal

Answer 5

central canal, ependymal cells, grey matter, white matter, pia, arachnoid, dura, extradural fat and blood vessels

Question 6

What are the typical symptoms of a spinal tumour?

Answer 6

Back pain at level of lesion (can be chronic as grow slowly), pain worse at night. Weakness, numbness, difficulty walking, bowel/bladder dysfunction

Question 7

Classification of prolapsed disc?

Answer 7

Extradural lesion

Question 8

Classification of astrocytoma?

Answer 8

Intramedullary lesion

Question 9

Classification of ependymoma?

Answer 9

Intramedullary lesion

Question 10

Classification of secondary metastasis?

Answer 10

something else!

Question 11

Classification of neurofibroma?

Answer 11

Intradural extramedullary lesion

Question 12

61 yo female complained of gradual painless deterioration of vision of left eye and headaches.
Name 3 conditions to rule out?

Answer 12

Cataract or glaucoma or posterior uveitis or age related macular degeneration or retinal detachment

Question 13

what is the condition called when the patient can’t see the lateral edges of their visual field?
What part of the retina is affected?

Answer 13

Bitemporal hemianopia; nasal retina

Question 14

Where would a lesion cause bitemporal hemianopia? example

Answer 14

optic chiasm, pituitary tumour

Question 15

What surgical approach is used for pituitary resection?

Answer 15

trans-sphenoidal resection (through nasal cavity, sphenoidal air sinuses and pituitary fossa)