HROB Test #3

Question 1

All of the following increase group cohesiveness, EXCEPT:

1. Agreement on group goals.
2. Intragroup competition.
3. Frequency of interaction.
4. Personal attractiveness

Answer 1

2. Intragroup competition.

Question 2

To help overcome the potentially disastrous effects of group dysfunctions, _____ of minority and unpopular viewpoints should be encouraged and legitimatized.

1. avoidance
2. punishment
3. rebuttal
4. free expression

Answer 2

4. free expression

Question 3

All of the following are ways to use groups to enhance satisfaction and performance, EXCEPT:

1. having groups charged with selection, training, and rewarding of members.
2. distributing resources on a group rather than an individual basis.
3. ensuring there is no intergroup rivalry.
4. organizing work around intact groups.

Answer 3

3. ensuring there is no intergroup rivalry.

Question 4

The characteristics of a primary group include all of the following EXCEPT:

1. a feeling of comradeship.
2. loyalty.
3. common sense of values.
4. large number of people

Answer 4

4. large number of people.

Question 5

From the classical psychology theories on groups, it can be deduced that both leadership and _____ can have an important impact on group performance in organizations.
Selected Answer:
1. commitment
2. creativity
3. number of group members
4. group dynamic factors such as cohesion

Answer 5

4. group dynamic factors such as cohesion

Question 6

Members performing knowledge-based tasks in remote locations can become members of so-called \_\_\_\_\_.
Selected Answer:	
1. permanent teams
2. cross-functional teams
3. self-managed teams
4. virtual teams

Answer 6

4. virtual teams

Question 7

The following types of views are suppressed in groups and teams suffering from groupthink EXCEPT:

1. deviant.
2. majority.
3. minority.
4. unpopular.

Answer 7

2. majority.

Question 8

The phase when group members suddenly recognize that if they don’t change tactics, the group’s goal or mission will not be accomplished is characteristic of which one of the following group theories?

1. Exchange theory.
2. Interaction theory.
3. Punctuated equilibrium theory.
4. Balance theory.

Answer 8

3. Punctuated equilibrium theory.

Question 9

All of these are behaviors that are always key to adapting to unusual circumstances or events, EXCEPT:

1. Information collection and transfer
2. Task prioritization
3. Task distribution
4. Self leadership.

Answer 9

4. Self leadership.

Question 10

Which among the following is NOT a characteristic of a coalition?

1. Interacting group of individuals.
2. Dependent on the formal organization’s structure.
3. Mutual perception of membership.
4. Concerted member action, act as a group.

Answer 10

2. Dependent on the formal organization’s structure.

Question 11

The discussants in the panel discussion had differing views on the:

1. Importance of virtual teams.
2. Need for bonding between team members.
3. Relevance of team building.
4. Creation of groups.

Answer 11

2. Need for bonding between team members

Question 12

The following are all factors that can give rise to role ambiguity EXCEPT:

1. routine tasks.
2. incomplete orders given by a manager.
3. inexperience
4. unclear job descriptions.

Answer 12

1. routine tasks.

Question 13

To improve coordination among the cross-functional teams, organizations can carry out the following steps EXCEPT:

1. choose the members carefully.
2. clearly establish the purpose of the teams.
3. ensure that specific members especially understand how the group functions.
4. conduct intensive team building up front so that everyone knows how to interact effectively.

Answer 13

3. ensure that specific members especially understand how the group functions.

Question 14

The norming stage of group development is characterized by the following EXCEPT:

1. confusion.
2. high cohesion.
3. group identity.
4. camaraderie.

Answer 14

1. confusion.

Question 15

The study of groups in the study of organizational behavior becomes especially valuable when the _____ of the groups are/ is analyzed.

1. longevity
2. history
3. dynamics
4. gender composition

Answer 15

3. dynamics

Question 16

Which word means simply that individuals affiliate with one another because of spatial or geographical proximity?

1. Propinquity.
2. Intensity.
3. Certainty.
4. Extensibility.

Answer 16

1. Propinquity.

Question 17

What among the following determinants of group effectiveness describes whether and how group performance is rewarded?

1. Task interdependence.
2. Creativity.
3. Potency.
4. Outcome interdependence.

Answer 17

4. Outcome interdependence.

Question 18

Which classic theory states that persons are attracted to one another on the basis of similar attitudes toward commonly relevant objects and goals?

1. Balance theory.
2. Equity theory.
3. Punctuated equilibrium model.
4. Lobbying.

Answer 18

1. Balance theory.

Question 19

Norms consist of a pattern of roles. T/F?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Group members, in the video on a group members getting together to make its’ internal process more efficient, were employed in:

1. IBM
2. Johnson & Johnson
3. Kaiser Permanente
4. Sacramento State

Answer 20

3. Kaiser Permanente

Question 21

According to Richard Hackman, the conditions or the induction that a leader can imbibe to satisfactorily create conditions that promote group effectiveness include the following EXCEPT:

1. letting the group members set themselves a compelling direction for the group’s work.
2. designing and enabling group structure.
3. ensuring that the group operates within a supportive context.
4. providing expert coaching.

Answer 21

1. letting the group members set themselves a compelling direction for the group’s work.

Question 22

Identify the role of one who acts as a facilitator and bridge between units or groups which would not otherwise interact.

1. Negotiator
2. Spokesperson
3. Boundary spanner
4. Lobbyist

Answer 22

3. Boundary spanner

Question 23

All of the following are symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT:

1. self-censorship of any deviation from the apparent group consensus.
2. dialogue to reduce vulnerability due to optimism and risk taking.
3. those who oppose the group are stereotyped as evil, weak, or stupid.
4. there is the illusion of unanimity.

Answer 23

2. dialogue to reduce vulnerability due to optimism and risk taking.

Question 24

The team in the video on group members getting together to make its’ internal process more efficient, could be characterized as a:

1. Virtual team.
2. Department team.
3. Cross functional team.
4. Primary Team

Answer 24

3. Cross functional team.

Question 25

The case study featured in the video on team building was based on the company: 1. Office Max 2. IBM 3. Saturn 4. Johnson & Johnson

Answer 25

1. Office Max

Question 26

This occurs when members reduce their effort and performance levels when acting as part of a group. 1. Role conflict. 2. Groupthink. 3. Social loafing. 4. Norm violation.

Answer 26

3. Social loafing.

Question 27

A comprehensive theory of group formation than mere propinquity comes from the classic theory of George Homans based on all of the following variables EXCEPT: 1. activities. 2. intensities. 3. sentiments. 4. interactions.

Answer 27

2. intensities.

Question 28

Identify the third stage of group development. 1. Adjourning. 2. Norming. 3. Storming. 4. Performing.

Answer 28

2. Norming.

Question 29

A craft union would be an example for which type of group? 1. Reference group. 2. In-group. 3. Out-group. 4. Membership group.

Answer 29

4. Membership group.

Question 30

A comprehensive definition would say that if a group exists in an organization, its members would be characterized by all of the following, Except: 1. perceive the group as a unified unit of interacting people. 2. are motivated to join. 3. reach agreements and have disagreements through various forms of interaction. 4. contribute in constant amounts to the group processes.

Answer 30

4. contribute in constant amounts to the group processes.

Question 31

The team in the video on group members getting together to make its’ internal process more efficient, would pass through the adjourning stage of group development. T/F?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The following are all practical benefits that can be availed from an informal organization, EXCEPT: 1. lightens the workload on management. 2. improves communication. 3. makes for a more effective total system. 4. enumerates gaps in a manager’s abilities.

Answer 32

4. enumerates gaps in a manager’s abilities.

Question 33

The role of a person who is empowered by the group to act on its behalf to get resources and make deals could be termed as: 1. buffer. 2. negotiator. 3. lobbyist. 4. boundary spanner.

Answer 33

2. negotiator.

Question 34

In which among the following theories, does costs and benefits play an important role in group formation and continuance? 1. Exchange theory. 2. Balance theory. 3. Interaction theory. 4. Punctuated equilibrium model.

Answer 34

1. Exchange theory.

Question 35

A prestigious social group that a person would like to join would be an example of this type of group. 1. Reference group. 2. Out-group. 3. Membership group. 4. In-group

Answer 35

1. Reference group.

Question 36

Severance pay, health insurance, and seniority plans fall under which of the following category in the hierarchy of work motivation? 1. Esteem needs 2. Social needs 3. Security needs 4. Basic needs

Answer 36

3. Security needs

Question 37

The key to understanding the process of motivation lies in the meaning of and the relationship among all these EXCEPT: 1. needs 2. drives 3. incentives 4. education

Answer 37

4. education

Question 38

This theory is based mainly on the cognitive concept of expectancy. 1. Human relations movement. 2. Content theories. 3. Equity theory. 4. Process theories.

Answer 38

4. Process theories.

Question 39

Which of the following can help explain why employees retaliate against both inequitable outcomes and inappropriate processes? 1. Organizational climate 2. Organizational policies 3. Organizational justice 4. Organizational culture

Answer 39

3. Organizational justice

Question 40

Kelly suggests three dimensions that will affect the type of attributions that are made. To keep these dimensions straight, it can be remembered that _____ relates to other people, _____ relates to other tasks, and _____ relates to time. 1. distinctiveness; consistency; consensus 2. consistency; distinctiveness; consensus 3. consensus; distinctiveness; consistency 4. consistency; consensus; distinctiveness

Answer 40

3. consensus; distinctiveness; consistency

Question 41

All of these consist of the negative extrinsic motives EXCEPT: 1. retribution. 2. directives. 3. pressures. 4. pay.

Answer 41

4. Pay.

Question 42

Glen meets with an accident while returning from work. Which of the following attribute is one of the bystanders making, if he blames the accident to a mechanical defect in Glen's car rather than Glen's negligence while driving? 1. Situational 2. Enhancing 3. Dispositional 4. Justification

Answer 42

1. Situational

Question 43

Among the following, who believed that once a given need is satisfied, it no longer serves to motivate? 1. Herzberg. 2. Alderfer. 3. Vroom. 4. Maslow.

Answer 43

4. Maslow.

Question 44

This according to Maslow, corresponds to the unlearned primary needs. 1. Needs for self-actualization. 2. Love needs. 3. Physiological needs. 4. Safety needs.

Answer 44

3. Physiological needs.

Question 45

In order to be included under the category of secondary motives, the motive must be learned. T/F?

Answer 45

True

Question 46

These people express the greatest desire to be socially accepted by others. 1. People with high need for status. 2. People with high need for achievement. 3. People with high need for security. 4. People with high need for affiliation.

Answer 46

4. People with high need for affiliation.

Question 47

According to the two-factor theory, all these can be considered as belonging to the category of hygiene factors EXCEPT: 1. responsibility. 2. company policy and administration. 3. interpersonal relations and supervisor. 4. supervision and technician.

Answer 47

1. responsibility.

Question 48

According to research by David McClelland, the derived specific characteristics of high achievers are summarized as being all of the following EXCEPT: 1. high risk taking. 2. need for immediate feedback. 3. satisfaction with accomplishments. 4. preoccupation with the tas

Answer 48

1. high risk taking.

Question 49

An incentive is defined as anything that will alleviate the needs and increase the drive. True False

Answer 49

False

Question 50

This model starts with the premise that motivation (effort or force) does not equal satisfaction or performance. 1. Human relations theory/movement. 2. Two-Factor theory. 3. ERG theory. 4. Porter – Lawler model.

Answer 50

4. Porter – Lawler model.

Question 51

An individual who believes in the statement, "I make my own fate", is said to have which of the following attribution? 1. External locus of control 2. Internal locus of control 3. High consensus 4. Low distinctiveness

Answer 51

2. Internal locus of control

Question 52

According to Porter and Lawler, effort does not lead directly to performance but is moderated by all of the following EXCEPT: 1. abilities. 2. discipline. 3. role perceptions. 4. traits.

Answer 52

2. discipline.

Question 53

An individual who believes in the statement, "Your fate was decided the day you were born," is said to have which of the following attribution? 1. External locus of control 2. Internal locus of control 3. High consensus 4. Low distinctiveness

Answer 53

1. External locus of control

Question 54

Which of the following is a characteristic of the need for achievement? 1. Doing better than competitors 2. Defeating an opponent or enemy 3. Participating in pleasant social activities 4. Being protected against loss of income or economic disaster

Answer 54

1. Doing better than competitors

Question 55

When Mark is late for his economics presentation. Which of the following attribution is Mr. Rutherford, his economics lecturer, making if he assumes that Mark is not interested in the subject? 1. Situational 2. Enhancing 3. Dispositional 4. Justification

Answer 55

3. Dispositional

Question 56

Fasting for a religious, social, or political cause is an example of _____ motive being preceded over by the other motives. 1. primary 2. secondary 3. general 4. tertiary

Answer 56

1. primary

Question 57

Which dimension of justice can raise issues of equality as opposed to equity? 1. Procedural justice 2. Distributive justice 3. Interpersonal justice 4. Informational justice

Answer 57

1. Procedural justice

Question 58

Management often faces the problem of having employees who are not motivated despite being provided with high salaries, excellent fringe-benefit packages etc. Which theory offers an explanation for this type of behavior? 1. Hierarchy of needs. 2. Two-factor theory. 3. Equity theory. 4. Alderfer’s ERG theory.

Answer 58

2. Two-factor theory.

Question 59

Primary motives must be unlearned, and it must be physiologically based. True False

Answer 59

True

Question 60

The chances for making attributions to internal or personal causes for the behavior are higher when all of the following characteristics are present EXCEPT: 1. low consensus. 2. low distinctiveness. 3. high consensus 4. high consistency.

Answer 60

3. high consensus

Question 61

A person who does not like the idea that someone or something controls their lives is said to have which of the following attribution? 1. High distinctiveness 2. Low consistency 3. External locus of control 4. Internal locus of control

Answer 61

4. Internal locus of control

Question 62

Identify the second need that correctly fits Maslow’s needs hierarchy principle. 1. Physiological needs. 2. Love needs. 3. Esteem needs. 4. Safety needs.

Answer 62

4. Safety needs.

Question 63

In a workplace, extrinsic motivators include all of these EXCEPT: 1. achievement. 2. benefits. 3. promotions. 4. pay.

Answer 63

1. achievement.

Question 64

The strength of the attempt to restore equity, which in essence is motivation, is in direct proportion to the _____ that exists. 1. reward systems 2. training practices 3. perceived inequity 4. organizational culture

Answer 64

3. perceived inequity

Question 65

Equity theory is a _____ based motivation theory. 1. emotion 2. biological 3. cognitive 4. affective

Answer 65

3. cognitive

Question 66

According to the two-factor theory, all these can be considered as belonging to the category of motivators 1. recognition. 2. advancement 3. salary. 4. work itself.

Answer 66

3. salary.

Question 67

This by definition, occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to inputs and the ratio of a relevant other’s outcomes to inputs are unequal. 1. Equity. 2. Inequity. 3. Discord. 4. Association.

Answer 67

2. Inequity.

Question 68

The fact that there are a higher number of employees who are dissatisfied with the raise they get points out that the hygiene factors seem to be important in preventing dissatisfaction but do not lead to satisfaction. T/F?

Answer 68

True

Question 69

In an organization, the interests of the top management is in conflict with that of the middle management. Which of the following theory is consistent with this situation? 1. Control theory 2. Agency theory 3. Attribution theory 4. Equity theory

Answer 69

2. Agency theory

Question 70

What ascribes a person's behavior to external factors such as equipment or social influence from others? 1. Justification attributes 2. Dispositional attributes 3. Situational attributes 4. Enhancing attributes

Answer 70

3. Situational attributes

Question 71

Motivation is a hypothetical construct that is used to help explain behavior; it should not be equated with behavior. T/F?

Answer 71

True

Question 72

In explaining victories, athletes commonly credit themselves, but they are more likely to attribute losses to bad breaks, poor officiating, or the other team’s superior effort. This is an example of which one of the following attribution biases? 1. Fundamental attribution error. 2. Self-perception bias. 3. Defensive bias. 4. Self-serving bias.

Answer 72

4. Self-serving bias.

Question 73

All of the attribution theories share the following assumptions EXCEPT: 1. we seek to make sense of our world. 2. we seek to enhance our status through performance. 3. we often attribute people’s actions either to internal or external causes. 4. we do so in fairly logical ways.

Answer 73

2. we seek to enhance our status through performance.

Question 74

Using this, work behavior may be explained by whether employees perceive their outcomes as being controlled internally or externally. 1. Locus of control. 2. ERG theory. 3. Equity theory. 4. Attribution theory.

Answer 74

1. Locus of control.

Question 75

Attaining an incentive will: 1. increase or initiate the drive. 2. create a physiological or psychological imbalance. 3. provide an energizing thrust towards a drive. 4. reduce or cut off the drive.

Answer 75

4. reduce or cut off the drive.

Question 76

Which of the following consists of an individual's cognitive evaluation regarding whether or not the amounts and allocations of rewards setting are fair? 1. Interpersonal 2. Distributive 3. Informational 4. Decisive

Answer 76

2. Distributive

Question 77

Having a degree from the right university can be categorized under: 1. need for affiliation. 2. need for security. 3. need for power. 4. need for status.

Answer 77

4. need for status.

Question 78

Which one of the following would NOT be classified as a primary motive? 1. Hunger. 2. Sleep. 3. Avoidance of pain. 4. Having a secure job.

Answer 78

4. Having a secure job.

Question 79

Avoiding tasks or decisions with a risk of failure and blame can be categorized under which one of the following needs? 1. Need for achievement 2. Need for power 3. Need for status 4. Need for security

Answer 79

4. Need for security

Question 80

In a workplace, which of the following can be categorized as an intrinsic motivator? 1. Accomplishment 2. Benefits 3. Promotions 4. Pay

Answer 80

1. Accomplishment

Question 81

Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need that activates a behavior or drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive. T/F?

Answer 81

True

Question 82

A Code of Ethics is a published statement of moral expectations that lists corrective action for deviations. T/F?

Answer 82

True

Question 83

According to the big health care firm Johnson & Johnson’s “credo,” what is its least responsibility? 1. employees 2. shareholders 3. customers 4. the community

Answer 83

2. shareholders

Question 84

According to the text, all of the following have had dramatic effect on the study and application of management and organizational behavior EXCEPT: 1. globalization. 2. environmental issues. 3. diversity. 4. social issues.

Answer 84

2. environmental issues.

Question 85

___________ approach to ethical decision making stresses duties are obligations to act in a morally acceptable manner. 1. Justice 2. Deontological 3. Utilitarian 4. None of the above.

Answer 85

2. Deontological

Question 86

The Utilitarian view ignores or overlooks all of the following, EXCEPT: 1. We as humans have the ability to reason which makes us valuable. 2. Greater good ideally should not be at expense of the minority interests. 3. An action is right if it produces good results for as many as possible. 4. people have human dignity and deserves respect as autonomous beings.

Answer 86

3. An action is right if it produces good results for as many as possible.

Question 87

All of the following are factors that contribute to the success of diversity training EXCEPT: 1. mandatory participation of all employees. 2. long-term evaluation of training results. 3. managerial rewards for increasing diversity. 4. mandatory attendance for all managers.

Answer 87

1. mandatory participation of all employees.

Question 88

Cultures around the world impact the organizational behavior of managers and employees in similar ways. T/F?

Answer 88

False

Question 89

The Categorical imperative sets the standard for acceptability of moral rules as: An act is ethical if it can be applied universally to all and is reversible – do unto others as you would like them to do unto you. Persons should be considered as an end and not as means to an end. T/F?

Answer 89

True

Question 90

Awareness training: 1. is used as supplements to other forms of training. 2. is valuable to shift perceptions. 3. leads to behavioral change. 4. is often employed as icebreakers to get diversity training sessions started.

Answer 90

2. is valuable to shift perceptions.

Question 91

The Teleological approach or Consequentialist view is also known as the: 1. Justice view. 2. Utilitarian view. 3. Deontological approach. 4. None of the above.

Answer 91

2. Utilitarian view.

Question 92

Which of the following disseminates ethical codes to organizations? 1. Civil Rights Act 2. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act 3. Tread Act 4. Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Answer 92

4. Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Question 93

According to the text, which of the following alternative work schedule arrangements have been widely used in Europe? 1. Compressed workweek 2. Flextime 3. Telecommuting 4. Job sharing

Answer 93

1. Compressed workweek

Question 94

According to Thomas Friedman, the first phase of globalization was characterized by companies globalizing. T/F?

Answer 94

False

Question 95

Thomas Friedman study on globalization is titled "The world is flat".

Answer 95

True

Question 96

There is no significant relationship between corporate social performance and bottom-line results. True False

Answer 96

False

Question 97

All of these are recommended for undertaking an analysis of ethics while making decisions, EXCEPT: 1. Always decide to use one of the three moral systems. 2. Review relevant facts 3. Generate and analyze alternatives and identify moral concerns. 4. Reconcile conflicting conclusions and rectify concerns.

Answer 97

1. Always decide to use one of the three moral systems. | Answers:

Question 98

The foundation and point of departure for creating and effectively managing diversity is the development of a truly multicultural organization. T/F?

Answer 98

True

Question 99

_____ may be defined as, "engaging in economically sustainable business activities that go beyond legal requirements to protect the well-being of employees, communities, and the environment." 1. Corporate governance 2. Corporate social responsibility 3. Securitisation 4. Business ethics

Answer 99

2. Corporate social responsibility

Question 100

Which of the following is true of the way diversity issues are beginning to be treated by organizations today? 1. It is treated primarily as a legal issue. 2. It is a reality to build on to make a stronger enterprise. 3. It is a government enforced cost of doing business. 4. It is an afterthought in the study of organizational behavior.

Answer 100

2. It is a reality to build on to make a stronger enterprise.

Question 101

It was found that work-to-family conflict was linked to all of the following EXCEPT: 1. job dissatisfaction. 2. turnover intentions. 3. stress. 4. absenteeism.

Answer 101

4. absenteeism.

Question 102

This type of an organization would reflect the contributions and interests of diverse cultural and social groups in its mission, operations, and products/ services. 1. Cross-cultural. 2. Multicultural. 3. Club. 4. Exclusionary.

Answer 102

2. Multicultural.

Question 103

Most tests traditionally used in selection and evaluation are not suited or valid for a diverse workforce. T/F?

Answer 103

True

Question 104

This type of organization is characterized by core cultural values and an ongoing commitment to eliminate social oppression throughout the organization. 1. Redefining organization. 2. Multicultural organization. 3. Compliance organization. 4. Affirmative action organization.

Answer 104

2. Multicultural organization.

Question 105

While diversity may add value, it does not really contribute to the firm's competitive advantage. T/F?

Answer 105

True

Question 106

Identify the third stage of evolution of organizations leading up to the formation of a multicultural organization. 1. Exclusionary organization. 2. Compliance organization. 3. Affirmative action organization. 4. Club organization.

Answer 106

2. Compliance organization.

Question 107

Cultural diversity is a natural by-product for firms going international. T/F?

Answer 107

True

Question 108

This type of organization is characterized by an examination of all activities for the purpose of evaluating their impact on all employees’ opportunity to both participate in and contribute to their own and the firm’s growth and success. 1. Affirmative action organization. 2. Compliance organization. 3. Multicultural organization. 4. Redefining organization.

Answer 108

4. Redefining organization.

Question 109

Distributive justice emphasizes the: 1. the fair distribution of benefits and burden. 2. compensation for harm committed. 3. punishment for wrong doing. 4. greatest good for the majority in a given situation.

Answer 109

1. the fair distribution of benefits and burden.

Question 110

Most women have broken the "glass ceiling" to become CEO's, board of directors, and corporate officers of large organizations. T/F?

Answer 110

False

Question 111

According to Thomas Friedman, the first phase of globalization was characterized by companies globalizing. T/F?

Answer 111

False

Question 112

Identify the ability to put oneself in another's place and see things from that person's point of view. 1. Insight 2. Understanding 3. Empathy 4. Intuition

Answer 112

3. Empathy

Question 113

In which of the following types of organization, the strategy is more of meeting the letter of the laws, not the spirit. 1. Exclusionary organization 2. Club organization 3. Compliance organization 4. Redefining organization

Answer 113

3. Compliance organization

Question 114

A _______ organization acts on a commitment to eradicate social oppression in all forms within the organization. 1. club 2. society exclusionary 3. multicultural 4. compliance

Answer 114

3. multicultural

Question 115

Cultures around the world impact the organizational behavior of managers and employees in similar ways. T/F?

Answer 115

False

Question 116

Organizations use rewards to motivate employee performance and encourage their loyalty, but it is not effective in retention of these employees.

Answer 116

False. They do retain their employees through recognitions systems!

Question 117

When may an organization find it difficult to hire and retain many of their personnel? 1. When the organization seeks to internally train their employees. 2. When the organization does not have an effective hiring campaign in place. 3. When the base pay is not in line with the market rate. 4. When the job requirements include specifications to be able to deal with dynamism.

Answer 117

3. When the base pay is not in line with the market rate.

Question 118

Which among the following is a potentially powerful, and importantly, much less expensive form of organizational reward systems? 1. Probation. 2. Recognition. 3. Benefits. 4. Money.

Answer 118

2.Recognition.

Question 119

Which of the following approach includes an employee-satisfaction measure to recognize a manager's people-management skills? 1. Skill pay 2. Pay for knowledge workers in teams 3. Rewarding leadership effectiveness 4. Competency pay

Answer 119

3.Rewarding leadership effectiveness

Question 120

The stock option plan allows senior-level managers to buy company stock in the future at a/ the _____ price. 1. predetermined fixed 2. spot 3. current 4. future market

Answer 120

1.predetermined fixed

Question 121

Based on emperical research which aspect gets negatively affected if organizations reduce their pay? Answer 1.Productivity. 2. Discipline. 3. Morale. 4. Ethics.

Answer 121

3.Morale.

Question 122

Which one of the following theories equates money as being only as important as the most basic requirements of employees? 1. Classical management theory 2. Classical motivational theory 3. Maslow's hierarchy theory 4. Organizational theory

Answer 122

3.Maslow's hierarchy theory

Question 123

What is the basic idea behind the stock option plan in relation to the value of the company’s stock? 1. The executives can be held accountable for the decrease in value of the stock. 2. The executives are guaranteed participation in the board meetings. 3. The executives will strive to increase organizational performance. 4. The company can hold on to the executives for as long as they are necessary.

Answer 123

3. The executives will strive to increase organizational performance.

Question 124

All these are forms of individual incentive plans EXCEPT: 1. individual incentive pay plan. 2. use of bonuses. 3. use of stock options. 4. profit sharing.

Answer 124

4. profit sharing.

Question 125

The rise and fall of Nortel (the large multinational Canada-headquartered telecommunications company) was used in the text as an example in critically analyzing Answer 1. agency theory. 2. Maslow’s hierarchy. 3. gain sharing. 4. reinforcement theory.

Answer 125

1. agency theory.

Question 126

All of these are disadvantages of the group incentive plan EXCEPT: 1. It de-emphasizes individual performance and rewards the non-productive as well. 2. The rewards may be realized decades later reducing the day-to-day performance motivation. 3. It focuses the group on specific performance targets. 4. None of the above

Answer 126

3. It focuses the group on specific performance targets.

Question 127

This group incentive plan typically involves the company taking out a loan to buy a portion of its own stock in the open market. 1. Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). 2. The use of stock options. 3. The use of fixed pay increases. 4. Current profit sharing.

Answer 127

1.Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).

Question 128

When Steve Kerr, noted that "Nobody refuses it, nobody returns it, and people who have more than they could ever use do dreadful things to get more," what was he referring to? 1. Power 2. Recognition 3. Money 4. Control

Answer 128

3.Money

Question 129

According to agency thoery, the people who are in control of large organizations are usually _____ who are responsible for representing the interests of the owners. 1. Partners 2. Agents 3. Trustees 4. Stockholders

Answer 129

2. Agents

Question 130

All of the following are characteristics of a recognition system EXCEPT: 1. it is most effective during an annual performance review. 2. it can be given in small or large quantities. 3. it is mostly controllable by the manager. 4. it can take many different forms.

Answer 130

1. it is most effective during an annual performance review.

Question 131

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage associated with merit pay? 1. The criteria for determining merit are often nebulous. 2.It is difficult to quantify merit pay criteria. 3. It can end up being "catch-up" pay. 4. It allows the employer to differentiate pay given to high performers.

Answer 131

4.It allows the employer to differentiate pay given to high performers.

Question 132

This has been recognized as being central to knowledge management and competitive advantage in the new paradigm shift. 1. Financial capital. 2. Market value. 3. Intellectual/human capital. 4. Innovation.

Answer 132

3. Intellectual/human capital.

Question 133

A growing number of firms that have implemented a well-structured, formal recognition system have experienced a dramatic improvement in the _____ of their best employees. 1. productivity 2. ethical behavior 3. feedback 4. retention

Answer 133

4.retention

Question 134

The pay package of several CEOs of large companies are not reflected in their performance. To counter this, a growing number of corporate shareholders have proposed resolutions that tie a CEO's pay to a multiple of the _____ pay. 1. equilateral 2. performance oriented 3. mid-range worker's 4. lowest worker's

Answer 134

4.lowest worker's

Question 135

Steps needed to effectively set up and manage a formal and informal recognition program include all of these, EXCEPT: 1. Make recognition part of performance management process. 2. Conduct recognition ceremonies. 3. Recognize using small and large monetary awards. 4.Continuously review and change recognition program for effectiveness 5. Solicit recognition ideas from both employees and managers

Answer 135

3.Recognize using small and large monetary awards.

Question 136

As the HR manager of a firm, you have the job to hire a talented candidate for your company quickly. You would motivate the candidate to join the company quickly by offering: 1. stock options. 2. a signing bonus. 3. merit based pay. 4. the possibility of recognition.

Answer 136

2. a signing bonus.

Question 137

Agency theory is concerned with the diverse interests of the stakeholders, and the methods by which the enterprise’s _____ is used to align these interests and goals. 1. objectives 2. mission 3. strategy 4. reward system

Answer 137

4.reward system

Question 138

This new approach rewards competencies of the employees such as those related to the international business context, social skills etc. 1. Broad-banding. 2. Skill pay. 3. Competency pay. 4. Pay for knowledge workers in teams.

Answer 138

3.Competency pay.

Question 139

The logic behind gain-sharing plans is that: 1. reward systems such as pay for performance are practical only when performance can be easily and objectively measured. 2. those who are making lower salaries get larger percentage increases, whereas those earning higher salaries get a flat raise. 3. if everyone works to reduce cost and increase productivity, the organization will become more efficient and have more money to reward its personnel. 4. individuals who do superior work can be given increases greater than the rest of their colleagues.

Answer 139

3. if everyone works to reduce cost and increase productivity, the organization will become more efficient and have more money to reward its personnel.

Question 140

All of the following are disadvantages associated with merit pay EXCEPT: 1. the criteria for determining merit are often nebulous. 2. it is difficult to quantify merit pay criteria. 3. it can end up being “catch-up” pay. 4. it allows the employer to differentiate pay given to high performers.

Answer 140

4.it allows the employer to differentiate pay given to high performers.

Question 141

Which of the following approach includes an employee-satisfaction measure to recognize a manager's people-management skills? 1. Skill pay 2. Pay for knowledge workers in teams 3. Rewarding leadership effectiveness 4. Competency pay

Answer 141

3.Rewarding leadership effectiveness

Question 142

Which among the following is a potentially powerful, and importantly, much less expensive form of organizational reward systems? 1. Probation. 2. Recognition. 3. Benefits. 4. Money.

Answer 142

2.Recognition.

Question 143

When may an organization find it difficult to hire and retain many of their personnel? 1. When the organization seeks to internally train their employees. 2. When the organization does not have an effective hiring campaign in place. 3. When the base pay is not in line with the market rate. 4. When the job requirements include specifications to be able to deal with dynamism.

Answer 143

3. When the base pay is not in line with the market rate.

Question 144

Organizations use rewards to motivate employee performance and encourage their loyalty, but it is not effective in retention of these employees. T/F?

Answer 144

False. Reward systems do retain employees!

Question 145

These plans are designed to share with the group or team the net gains from productivity improvements. 1. Gain-sharing. 2. Employee Stock Option Plans. 3. Spot bonus awards. 4. Group sales commissions.

Answer 145

1.Gain-sharing.

Question 146

Organizational rewards in the form of money can take on all of the following forms EXCEPT: 1. salary. 2. bonuses. 3. incentive pay. 4. company sponsored training.

Answer 146

4.company sponsored training.

Question 147

Some of the formal recognition systems in place at the Hotel Sofitel Minneapolis include all of the following EXCEPT: Answer 1. Sofitel Service Champions. 2. Proactive Personnel of the Week. 3. Department Appreciation Days. 4. Team Member of the Month.

Answer 147

2.Proactive Personnel of the Week.

Question 148

Agency theory seeks to explain: 1. how owners and managers may vary in their approach to risk taking. 2. how owners are more effective than managers in using pay and other forms of compensation to effectively run the organization. 3. differences in time horizons between managers and lower-level employees. 4. how owners and managers are similar while making decisions during a high stress situation.

Answer 148

1.how owners and managers may vary in their approach to risk taking.

Question 149

Which of the following is the practice of collapsing the traditional large number of salary levels into a small number of salary grades with broad pay ranges? 1. Broad-banding 2. Skill pay 3. Commissions based beyond sales to customers 4.Rewarding leadership effectiveness

Answer 149

1.Broad-banding

Question 150

The importance of _____ is now recognized as being a vital dimension of the organizational environment that influences human behavior at the workplace. 1. plant and equipment 2. reward systems 3. higher pay 4. high productivity

Answer 150

2. reward systems