HRI Flashcards
Cleft lip is more common in _______
males
Cleft palate alone is more common in _______
females
The definitive treatment for cleft lip is _______
surgery (cheiloplasty)
The ‘Rule of 10’ for cleft lip surgery includes: at least _______ weeks old, weighing _______ lbs, hemoglobin _______ g/dl.
10 weeks, 10 lbs, 10 g/dl
Cleft palate surgery is delayed until _______ to prevent speech defects.
10-12 months
A velopharyngeal flap operation is done at _______ years to revise repair and improve speech.
8-9 years
The most immediate problem with cleft lip/palate is _______.
feeding
Postoperative care for cleft palate repair includes _______ to prevent touching the mouth.
elbow restraints
True or False: Feeding after cleft palate surgery is resumed immediately.
False
The hallmark symptom of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is _______.
projectile vomiting
A classic sign of HPS is a palpable _______ in the mid-epigastric area.
olive-shaped mass
The ‘string sign’ on barium enema is indicative of _______.
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
The definitive treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is _______.
surgery (Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy)
The primary concern in preoperative care for HPS is correcting _______.
dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
True or False: Vomitus in lower GI obstruction is blood-tinged.
False
Hirschsprung’s disease is caused by the absence of _______ in the rectosigmoid area.
parasympathetic ganglion cells
The most common presentation of Hirschsprung’s disease in newborns is _______.
failure to pass meconium
Surgical treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease includes _______ and _______.
Swenson pull-through, temporary colostomy
Frequent enemas for Hirschsprung’s disease must be _______ to prevent water intoxication.
isotonic solution
A child with Hirschsprung’s disease should avoid _______ preoperatively.
high-residue foods
Intussusception is the _______ of one bowel segment into another.
telescoping
A diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for intussusception is _______ or _______.
barium enema, air enema
A key symptom of intussusception is _______.
currant jelly stools
A sausage-shaped mass in the abdomen is indicative of _______.
intussusception
The most immediate concern with intussusception is _______ if untreated.
bowel necrosis
True or False: Surgery is always required for intussusception.
False
Diarrhea in infants is diagnosed by a change in _______ and _______ of stools.
consistency, frequency
The most important early sign of dehydration from diarrhea is _______.
increased pulse rate
True or False: Sodium replacement should be done rapidly in diarrhea cases.
False
The earliest sign of respiratory distress in children is _______.
restlessness
A common cause of bronchiolitis in infants is _______.
viral infection (e.g., RSV)
The best positioning for a child with bronchiolitis is _______ or _______.
prone, semi-Fowler’s with neck extension
True or False: Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for bronchiolitis.
False
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) most commonly occurs between _______.
2-4 months
A major risk factor for SIDS is _______.
prematurity and low birth weight
True or False: The exact cause of SIDS is unknown.
True
Iron deficiency anemia is most commonly caused by _______.
overconsumption of milk
Iron supplements should be taken _______ to reduce gastric irritation.
after meals
A key symptom of iron deficiency anemia is _______.
pallor and compensatory tachycardia
A high-iron diet should include _______.
red meat, green leafy vegetables, and fortified cereals
A common allergic trigger for atopic dermatitis in infants is _______.
cow’s milk and egg whites
The hallmark sign of chronic atopic dermatitis is _______.
lichenification
Atopic dermatitis often improves by age _______.
4 years
Treatment for eczema includes _______.
moisturizers, antihistamines, and avoiding allergens
A hallmark diagnostic sign of diaphragmatic hernia is _______.
scaphoid abdomen
A serious complication of diaphragmatic hernia is _______.
lung hypoplasia
True or False: Immediate surgery is needed for diaphragmatic hernia.
True
The ‘coiled spring’ pattern on imaging suggests _______.
intussusception
The most common hernia in infants is _______.
inguinal hernia
A distinguishing feature of inguinal hernia is the _______.
silk-glove sign
True or False: Umbilical hernias in infants often resolve without surgery.
True
The most severe complication of an umbilical hernia is _______.
strangulation
Management of umbilical hernia includes _______ unless complications arise.
watchful waiting
A hiatal hernia involves the protrusion of the stomach through the _______.
esophageal hiatus
The major risk with hiatal hernia in infants is _______.
aspiration pneumonia
A common sign of hiatal hernia is _______.
forceful vomiting with old blood
The preferred diagnostic test for hiatal hernia is _______.
barium X-ray
Surgical treatment for hiatal hernia is _______.
gastropexy
The treatment for an incarcerated inguinal hernia is _______.
emergency surgery
Infants with an inguinal hernia should avoid _______.
constipation and straining
A key nursing intervention for post-herniorrhaphy care is _______.
monitoring for recurrence
The most common hematologic disorder in infancy is _______.
iron-deficiency anemia
A characteristic sign of dehydration in infants is _______.
sunken fontanelles
An early symptom of metabolic acidosis is _______.
lethargy and rapid breathing
Dehydration in infants primarily affects _______ and _______ levels.
sodium, potassium
Treatment of metabolic acidosis includes _______.
sodium bicarbonate administration
The primary nursing intervention for an infant with acute diarrhea is _______.
fluid and electrolyte replacement
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is preferred for mild diarrhea because it _______.
prevents hospitalization
The most serious risk associated with diarrhea in infants is _______.
shock due to dehydration
In bronchiolitis, epinephrine is used to _______.
reduce bronchospasm
For severe bronchiolitis, mechanical ventilation is needed if _______.
oxygen saturation remains low
True or False: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis.
True
A child with RSV bronchiolitis should be placed in _______.
contact and droplet precautions
Treatment for iron-deficiency anemia includes _______.
iron supplementation and dietary modification
A common cause of pediatric anemia is _______.
chronic blood loss from parasitic infection
True or False: Children with SIDS often have identifiable autopsy findings.
False
